manual
manual — 形容詞
1. carried out using a person's hands and physical effort, without the help of mach
手工的
用手操作而非機器
carried out using a person's hands and physical effort, without the help of machines or tools.
Linh prefers manual sewing to using a machine because she finds it more relaxing.
Linh 偏好手工縫紉而非使用縫紉機，因為她覺得手工縫紉更放鬆。
collocation: manual sewing / manual work / manual skills
The old carpenter taught Ife the manual skills needed to carve wooden furniture.
那位老木匠教 Ife 雕刻木家具所需的手工技巧。
usually before noun: manual + noun
Many traditional bakeries still follow manual methods for kneading their bread dough.
許多傳統麵包店仍用人工方式揉製麵團。
After sorting hundreds of envelopes by hand, Antonia understood why the company wanted a machine for the manual task.
用手分類了幾百個信封後，Antonia 終於理解公司為何想用機器來做這項人工工作。
Darius learned manual glassblowing techniques from a master craftsman in Venice.
Darius 在威尼斯跟一位大師學到了手工吹玻璃的技巧。
- hand-operated
more specific — refers to the way a tool or device is controlled rather than the nature of a task
- physical
broader — can refer to any kind of body effort, not just the hands
- automated
done entirely by machine without direct human hand action
用法筆記
Frequently describes skills, tasks, or processes that involve dexterity of the hands rather than just general physical strength — distinguish from sense 3 (PHYSICAL WORK), which focuses on the type of job or labour.
常見錯誤
2. describes a tool, device, or machine that a person powers or controls directly u
手動的
以手操作而非用電或馬達
describes a tool, device, or machine that a person powers or controls directly using their hands, without electricity, batteries, or a motor.
Jenna bought a manual can opener after her electric one stopped working.
Jenna 的電動開罐器壞了之後，買了一個手動開罐器。
collocation: manual can opener / manual pump / manual typewriter
The mechanic used a manual tyre pump because the air compressor was broken.
因為空氣壓縮機壞了，技師用了一支手動打氣筒來打輪胎的氣。
Our old coffee grinder is manual, so Ritu has to turn a handle for several minutes.
我們的舊咖啡機是手動的，所以 Ritu 得轉好幾分鐘的把手。
Unlike a power saw, a manual handsaw requires no electricity and works anywhere.
不像電動鋸子，手動手鋸不需要電力，在任何地方都能用。
- hand-powered
more precise about the energy source being the user's hand
- non-electric
broader — includes fuel-powered tools that are not manual
用法筆記
This sense contrasts with electric, battery-powered, or motor-driven versions of the same tool. The predicative position (e.g. 'The pump is manual') is common in comparisons.
常見錯誤
3. connected with jobs or activities that involve using the body and physical stren
體力的
靠體力而非腦力的工作
connected with jobs or activities that involve using the body and physical strength instead of the mind or an office environment.
Yumi took a manual job at a warehouse while she finished her college degree.
Yumi 在倉庫做體力活，同時完成大學學業。
collocation: manual job / manual worker / manual labour
Construction workers often have to do heavy manual labour outdoors in all weather conditions.
建築工人常常要在各種天氣條件下做吃重的體力勞動。
Ife decided that a manual trade like plumbing would give her a stable income.
Ife 認為像水電這類需要體力的行業能帶給她穩定的收入。
The factory employed fifty manual workers to operate the assembly line.
那家工廠僱用了五十名體力工人來操作裝配線。
After years of office work, Eli found the manual nature of farming surprisingly refreshing.
做了多年辦公室工作後，Eli 發現農活的體力性質意外地令人神清氣爽。
- physical
broader — includes any kind of body effort, including sports and exercise
- blue-collar
relates to social class and pay type, not just physical effort
- white-collar
relating to professional or office work
- intellectual
involving mental rather than physical effort
用法筆記
Typically used in job descriptions, economic discussions, and contrasts with 'white-collar' or 'office' work. The noun phrase 'manual labour' is the most common collocation.
常見錯誤
4. describes a car or other vehicle whose driver selects and changes the gears by o
手排的
駕駛須手動換檔的車輛
describes a car or other vehicle whose driver selects and changes the gears by operating a stick and a clutch pedal, instead of the car doing this automatically.
Eve learned to drive in a manual car and later switched to an automatic.
Eve 學開車時開的是手排車，後來才換成自排車。
collocation: manual car / manual gearbox / manual transmission
Manual transmission is still popular in Europe, where drivers prefer more control over the vehicle.
手排變速箱在歐洲仍然很普遍，因為駕駛人比較喜歡對車輛有更多的掌控。
Luca bought a sports car with a manual gearbox because he enjoys the driving experience.
Luca 買了一輛手排跑車，因為他享受實際開車的感覺。
Most driving schools in the UK offer lessons in manual vehicles, so students learn to use the clutch properly.
英國多數駕訓班提供手排車輛的課程，讓學生學會正確使用離合器。
- stick shift
informal, mainly American English
- standard transmission
older term, less common now
- automatic
a vehicle whose gears change by themselves
- self-shifting
a vehicle where gear changes happen automatically
用法筆記
Only before a noun relating to vehicles and their parts (car, van, transmission, gearbox). The short form 'a manual' is a common noun usage — see noun sense 2 (MANUAL CAR).
常見錯誤
manual — 名詞
1. a book, booklet, or online document that tells the reader how to assemble, opera
說明書
產品使用或操作說明
a book, booklet, or online document that tells the reader how to assemble, operate, maintain, or repair a product or how to perform a particular procedure.
Evelyn checked the user manual to find out why the printer kept jamming.
Evelyn 查了使用說明書，想找出印表機一直卡紙的原因。
collocation: user manual / instruction manual / owner's manual
The training manual for new staff included safety rules and step-by-step guides.
新進人員的訓練手冊包含了安全規則和逐步操作指南。
Linh downloaded the service manual for her motorcycle before attempting any repairs.
Linh 在嘗試修理摩托車之前，先下載了維修手冊。
When the toy stopped working, Yumi looked through the manual and found a troubleshooting page.
玩具壞掉時，Yumi 翻閱說明書，找到了一頁故障排除指南。
Every laboratory must keep an operations manual that explains each piece of equipment.
每個實驗室都必須保存一份操作手冊，說明每一項設備的使用方式。
- handbook
very similar; 'handbook' can be broader and may cover reference information
- guide
shorter and less formal; a guide may not cover every detail
- instruction booklet
implies a smaller document, often included with a product
用法筆記
Often combined with a preceding noun that specifies the type: user manual, instruction manual, training manual, owner's manual, service manual. Unlike 'guidebook' (for travel) or 'textbook' (for study), a manual is practical and task-oriented.
常見錯誤
2. a car or other vehicle whose gears are changed by the driver using a stick and a
手排車
駕駛須手動換檔的車輛
a car or other vehicle whose gears are changed by the driver using a stick and a clutch, rather than by an automatic system.
Isabela rented a manual in Italy because automatics were much more expensive.
Isabela 在義大利租了一輛手排車，因為自排車貴很多。
informal: 'a manual' meaning a manual car
After driving automatics for ten years, Darius had to relearn how to drive a manual.
開了十年自排車之後，Darius 得重新學習怎麼開手排車。
The driving school has three automatics and one manual for learners to practise with.
那間駕訓班有三輛自排車和一輛手排車供學員練習。
Ritu prefers driving a manual because she feels more in control on mountain roads.
Ritu 比較喜歡開手排車，因為在山上開車時覺得更有掌控感。
- stick shift
informal, mainly American English
- standard
American English, less common now
- automatic
a vehicle that changes gears by itself without driver input
用法筆記
This is a shortened form of 'manual car' or 'manual transmission vehicle.' It is most common in informal spoken English and in contexts where the vehicle type is already clear (e.g., at a rental counter or driving school).
常見錯誤
3. one of the rows of keys on a pipe organ, electronic organ, or harpsichord that a
手鍵盤
風琴用手彈奏的鍵盤
one of the rows of keys on a pipe organ, electronic organ, or harpsichord that a musician presses with their fingers, as opposed to pedals played with the feet.
The organist moved her hands quickly between the upper and lower manuals during the performance.
管風琴手在演奏時，雙手迅速地在上下手鍵盤之間移動。
collocation: upper manual / lower manual
A large church organ may have three or four manuals arranged one above the other like shelves.
大型教堂管風琴可能有三或四層手鍵盤，像架子一樣上下排列。
Evelyn practised the Bach fugue on the swell manual to get a softer, warmer sound.
Evelyn 在增音手鍵盤上練習巴哈的賦格曲，以獲得較柔和溫暖的音色。
The cathedral's organ has a Great manual with powerful pipes that fill the entire building with sound.
這座大教堂的管風琴有一組主鍵盤，連結的管子能發出充滿整座建築的宏亮聲音。
- pedalboard
the foot-operated keyboard on an organ
用法筆記
Used mainly by organists, instrument builders, and music students. The manuals are often named by their function: Great, Swell, Choir, and Solo are the most common in a pipe organ.
常見錯誤
4. a fixed set of precise hand and arm movements for holding, presenting, or positi
操槍動作
軍事儀式中持槍的規定動作
a fixed set of precise hand and arm movements for holding, presenting, or positioning a rifle, performed as part of a formal military ceremony or training exercise.
The new recruits spent the morning practising the manual of arms on the parade ground.
新兵在操場上花了一整個早上練習持槍動作。
collocation: manual of arms
During the memorial ceremony, every soldier performed the manual in perfect unison with the others.
在追悼儀式中，每位士兵的操槍動作都與他人完全一致。
The sergeant corrected each recruit's grip on the rifle during the manual drill.
中士在操槍練習時糾正了每位新兵握槍的方式。
Mastering the rifle manual requires hours of repetition to coordinate every hand movement precisely.
要精通步槍操槍動作，必須反覆練習好幾個小時，讓每個手部動作都精準到位。
- manual of arms
the full formal name for this drill
- rifle drill
less formal, focused on the rifle specifically
用法筆記
Typically appears in the set phrase 'manual of arms' or 'rifle manual.' Refers specifically to ceremonial weapons handling, not combat training. In military contexts, a 'manual' (instruction book) is also used — do not confuse the two.