manufacturing
/ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌmænjuˈfæktʃərɪŋ/ (ame, ipa)
manufacturing — 名詞
1. the industry or business activity of creating large amounts of products, typical
製造業
大量生產商品的工商行業
the industry or business activity of creating large amounts of products, typically using machines in a factory
Christopher's company moved some manufacturing overseas to reduce costs.
Christopher 的公司為了降低成本，將部分製造業務移到海外。
collocation: manufacturing overseas / move manufacturing
The manufacturing sector employs nearly fifteen percent of the city's workforce.
製造業僱用了這個城市將近百分之十五的勞動力。
collocation: manufacturing sector
Lakshmi's father spent forty years in the manufacturing industry before retiring.
Lakshmi 的父親在製造業工作了四十年，然後退休。
Many manufacturing jobs have been replaced by automated machines in recent years.
近年來，許多製造業的工作已被自動化機器取代。
The local government offered tax breaks to attract manufacturing companies.
地方政府提供稅務優惠，以吸引製造業公司進駐。
- production
broader term that covers both goods and services; 'production' can also refer to non-physical outputs like software or music
- industry
wider in scope, covering any economic sector including services, mining, agriculture
文法句型
the + manufacturing + sector / industry / plant / company
in + manufacturing
用法筆記
Usually uncountable. Often placed before a noun as a modifier to describe a specific part of the industry (manufacturing plant, manufacturing costs).
常見錯誤
2. the process of turning raw materials into finished products, either by hand or b
製造
將原料製成成品的過程
the process of turning raw materials into finished products, either by hand or by using machines
The manufacturing of this special cheese takes place in small mountain villages.
這種特製乳酪的製造過程，是在偏遠的山村裡進行的。
pattern: the manufacturing of + [product]
Sayaka learned traditional manufacturing techniques from her grandmother in Kyoto.
Sayaka 在京都跟祖母學習傳統的製造技術。
collocation: manufacturing techniques
Modern manufacturing relies on computers to control the cutting and shaping of metal.
現代的製造過程仰賴電腦來控制金屬的切割與塑形。
The company specialises in the manufacturing of high-quality ceramic bathroom tiles.
該公司專門製造高品質的浴室陶瓷磁磚。
Harper visited a textile factory to observe the manufacturing of silk scarves from raw thread.
Harper 參觀了一家紡織廠，觀察蠶絲圍巾從原料到成品的製造過程。
- production
more general term that can also include intangible outputs such as data or energy
- fabrication
more technical; often used for metal, machinery, or industrial components, less common in everyday speech
文法句型
the + manufacturing + of + [product/material]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this sense focuses on the physical act of turning materials into products, while sense 1 refers to the business or industry as a whole. 'The manufacturing of steel' (sense 2) vs 'the manufacturing sector' (sense 1).