controlled
/kənˈtrəʊld/ (bre, ipa) · [kəntrˈold] /kənˈtrəʊld/ (ame, ipa) · [kəntrˈold] /kən-ˈtrōld/ (ame, mw)
controlled — 形容詞
- controlledpositive
- more controlledcomparative
- most controlledsuperlative
1. planned and carried out with close attention to detail, so that risks and proble
謹慎控管
以謹慎方式降低風險的
planned and carried out with close attention to detail, so that risks and problems stay very small.
The rescue team made a controlled descent into the narrow cave to avoid any falling rocks.
救援隊以謹慎控管的方式，沿著狹窄的山洞下降，以防岩石掉落。
controlled descent / controlled burn — planned dangerous activity with reduced risk
Vivek lit the campfire with a controlled movement, keeping the flames away from the dry grass.
Vivek 以謹慎控管的動作點燃營火，讓火焰遠離乾草。
controlled + noun (movement, descent, burn, landing)
The pilot carried out a controlled landing on the short runway without damaging the aircraft.
機師在短跑道上進行了一次謹慎控管的降落，飛機毫髮無傷。
Firefighters set a controlled burn to clear dry bushes before wildfire season arrived.
消防員在野火季節來臨前，進行了謹慎控管的焚燒，清除乾燥的灌木叢。
Defne took slow, controlled breaths to steady her hands before the piano exam began.
Defne 在鋼琴考試前緩慢而謹慎地呼吸，讓雙手保持穩定。
- planned
focuses on advance preparation rather than ongoing management of risk
- deliberate
emphasises that the action was chosen on purpose, not by accident
- careful
broader term; 'controlled' adds the idea of limiting danger
- uncontrolled
describes an action or situation where nothing limits the danger or damage
- reckless
implies a total lack of care about risk
文法句型
controlled + noun (descent, burn, environment, landing)
用法筆記
Frequently appears before nouns describing high-risk activities done with careful planning — common examples include 'controlled descent', 'controlled burn', 'controlled explosion', and 'controlled environment'.
常見錯誤
2. showing the ability to stay calm and not let your feelings show, especially when
克制的
情緒不外露的，沉著的
showing the ability to stay calm and not let your feelings show, especially when you are under pressure or feeling strong emotions.
Kenji remained controlled during the meeting even when his co-workers strongly disagreed with his plan.
Kenji 在會議中始終保持克制，即使同事們強烈反駁他的提案。
remained controlled — typical pattern for emotional composure
Sirin kept her voice calm and controlled as she explained the bad news to the students.
Sirin 向學生們說明壞消息時，語氣冷靜而克制。
calm and controlled — common paired adjective pattern
Mira gave a controlled smile, not wanting to laugh at the wrong moment during the ceremony.
Mira 在典禮上露出克制的微笑，不想在不該笑的場合笑出來。
The judge stayed controlled throughout the long trial, never once raising her voice at anyone.
法官在漫長的審判過程中始終保持克制，從未對任何人提高聲量。
Zola listened with a controlled expression, hiding the surprise she felt at the announcement.
Zola 聽著宣布的消息，臉上掛著克制的表情，隱藏內心的驚訝。
- calm
focuses on inner peace rather than the effort of hiding feelings
- composed
more formal; suggests dignity under pressure
- restrained
emphasises the conscious effort to hold back emotions
文法句型
remain / stay / keep + controlled
controlled + noun (voice, smile, expression, manner)
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person or a person's voice, expression, or manner. Frequently paired with 'calm' as 'calm and controlled'. Distinguish from sense 1 (CAREFUL AND INTENTIONAL), which describes actions that limit physical danger — this sense describes emotional composure.
常見錯誤
3. describing a drug, chemical, or other item whose production, sale, or possession
管制的
法律限制銷售或使用的
describing a drug, chemical, or other item whose production, sale, or possession is limited by government rules that view it as harmful or likely to cause addiction.
The customs officer found a bag of controlled substances hidden inside the traveller's suitcase.
海關人員在旅客的行李箱內發現一袋被管制的物質。
controlled substances — standard legal term for restricted drugs
Doctors must follow strict rules when they prescribe controlled medicines in most countries.
在大多數國家，醫生開立管制藥品時必須遵守嚴格的規定。
The pharmacist checked the licence before selling the controlled chemical to the research lab.
藥劑師在將該管制化學品出售給研究實驗室之前，先查驗了許可證。
Possessing a controlled drug without a prescription can lead to a heavy fine or a prison term.
若未持有處方而持有管制藥物，可能面臨高額罰款或入獄。
New laws classified several over-the-counter cold medicines as controlled items requiring a doctor's note.
新法將多種原本可隨意購買的感冒藥列為管制品項，須持有醫師處方。
- regulated
broader term; covers any product with rules, not only dangerous substances
- restricted
focuses on limits of sale or access; less specific to drug law
- unregulated
describes substances with no government controls
- over-the-counter
describes medicines that can be bought without a prescription
文法句型
controlled + noun (substance, drug, medicine, chemical, item)
用法筆記
Almost always appears before a small set of nouns: 'substance', 'drug', 'medicine', 'chemical', or 'item'. Do not use this sense for ordinary regulated products such as food or electronics — the term 'controlled' in this sense is largely limited to substances with addiction or abuse potential.
常見錯誤
4. describing a scientific test or experiment in which one group receives a treatme
對照的
實驗中設有對照組的
describing a scientific test or experiment in which one group receives a treatment and another comparable group does not, so that the results can be compared fairly.
The researchers designed a controlled experiment to test whether the new fertiliser actually helped crops grow.
研究人員設計了一項對照實驗，以測試新型肥料是否真的能促進作物生長。
controlled experiment — standard term in scientific research
In a controlled study, one group of patients received the real drug while the other group took sugar pills.
在一項對照研究中，一組患者服用真正的藥物，另一組則服用糖錠。
Camille compared the results from the controlled trial with the data collected from the test group.
Camille 將對照試驗的結果與實驗組收集的數據進行了比較。
Without a controlled environment, it is hard to know if the temperature change actually caused the reaction.
如果沒有對照環境，就很難判斷溫度變化是否真的引起了反應。
The controlled test showed that the old method was still more effective than the newly proposed one.
對照測試顯示，舊方法仍然比新提出的方法更有效。
- comparative
focuses on the act of comparing two groups rather than the method of keeping conditions fixed
- double-blind
a more specific type of controlled experiment where neither group knows who gets the treatment
- observational
describes a study where changes are observed without any group being kept as a fixed standard
文法句型
controlled + noun (experiment, study, trial, test, environment)
用法筆記
Almost always appears before 'experiment', 'study', 'trial', 'test', or 'environment'. Not used in everyday non-scientific contexts — if you say 'a controlled test' outside of science, readers may expect an explanation of what was kept unchanged.