medulla
/medˈʌl.ə/ (bre, ipa) · /məˈdʌl.ə/ (ame, ipa) · /mə-ˈdə-lə/ (ame, mw)
medulla — 名詞
- medullasingular
- medullasplural
1. the soft material deep inside an organ, gland, or body structure — for example,
髓質
器官或腺體內部深層的軟組織
the soft material deep inside an organ, gland, or body structure — for example, the inner part of a kidney or the centre of an adrenal gland
The scan revealed a small growth inside the medulla of her right kidney.
掃描結果顯示她右腎的髓質內部有一個小腫塊。
collocation: medulla of [organ]
Dr. Okonkwo pointed to the adrenal medulla on the screen during the lecture.
Okonkwo 醫生在講座中指著螢幕上的腎上腺髓質。
A cross-section of the ovary shows a pale outer layer around a darker medulla.
卵巢的橫切面顯示外層顏色較淺，內部的髓質顏色較深。
The pathologist took a sample from the medulla of the swollen lymph node.
病理學家從腫大淋巴結的髓質取出樣本進行檢查。
Hormones released from the adrenal medulla help the body face sudden danger or stress.
腎上腺髓質釋放的激素幫助身體面對突如其來的危險或壓力。
- core
everyday term for the centre of any object; medulla is specifically anatomical
- interior tissue
a descriptive phrase, not a standard anatomical term like medulla
- deep structure
used in imaging reports but less precise than medulla
- cortex
the outer layer of an organ, paired with medulla in anatomy (e.g. adrenal cortex vs adrenal medulla)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (BRAINSTEM CENTRE) and sense 3 (NERVE COATING). This is the general anatomical meaning: the deep inner tissue found in any organ or gland, always positioned beneath an outer layer.
常見錯誤
2. the lowest part of the brain, where it joins the spinal cord, that runs automati
延髓
腦幹最下端，連接脊髓，控制呼吸與心跳
the lowest part of the brain, where it joins the spinal cord, that runs automatic body functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and swallowing without any conscious effort
The medulla keeps the heart beating and the lungs working even during deep sleep.
即使在深層睡眠中，延髓仍讓心臟跳動、肺部持續呼吸。
automatic functions: breathing and heartbeat
Nurse Ishikawa explained that a damaged medulla can stop a person from breathing on their own.
Ishikawa 護理師解釋，延髓受損可能導致病人無法自主呼吸。
The stroke affected his medulla, and he now uses a machine to breathe safely at night.
中風影響了他的延髓，如今他晚上需要靠機器輔助才能安全呼吸。
The medical student labelled the medulla on the diagram, just above the spinal cord.
醫學生在圖表上標出延髓的位置，就在脊髓的正上方。
Even in a deep coma, the medulla still sends signals to the lungs to expand and contract.
即使陷入深度昏迷，延髓仍會向肺部發出擴張與收縮的信號。
- medulla oblongata
the full anatomical term; 'medulla' is the everyday shortening used by doctors
- brainstem base
descriptive but not a standard term in medical textbooks
用法筆記
The full term is 'medulla oblongata,' but doctors and textbooks often shorten it to just 'medulla.' Damage to this area is extremely dangerous because it controls vital functions. Distinguish from sense 1 (DEEP ORGAN TISSUE), which can refer to any organ's inner layer.
常見錯誤
3. a layer of white fatty material that wraps around certain nerve fibres, like the
髓鞘
包裹神經纖維的白色脂肪絕緣層
a layer of white fatty material that wraps around certain nerve fibres, like the plastic coating around an electrical wire, so that signals can travel along the nerve quickly and without interference
The medulla around the nerve fibre acts like the plastic coating on a copper wire.
神經纖維周圍的髓鞘，作用就像銅線外層的塑膠絕緣皮。
analogy: insulation around an electrical wire
When the medulla breaks down, nerve signals slow and muscles begin to weaken or twitch.
髓鞘一旦受損，神經訊號就會變慢，肌肉也開始無力或抽搐。
The researcher studied how the medulla forms around growing nerve cells in mouse embryos.
研究人員觀察小鼠胚胎中，髓鞘如何在生長中的神經細胞周圍形成。
The disease attacks the medulla of nerve fibres, causing messages to get lost or misdirected.
這種疾病會攻擊神經纖維的髓鞘，導致訊號遺失或傳錯方向。
The neurologist placed sensors on the patient's arm and measured signals through the medulla.
神經科醫師在病人手臂上放置感測器，測量訊號經過髓鞘的傳導情況。
- myelin sheath
the standard modern term; 'medulla' in this sense is older and mostly historical
- medullary sheath
the full form of this sense; 'medulla' is the shortened version
用法筆記
This sense appears most often in the phrase 'medullary sheath.' In modern medical English, 'myelin sheath' is the more common term for the same structure. Distinguish from sense 1 (DEEP ORGAN TISSUE) and sense 2 (BRAINSTEM CENTRE).