naturalism
/ˈnætʃrəlɪzəm/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈnætʃrəlɪzəm/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈna-ch(ə-)rə-ˌli-zəm/ (ame, mw)
naturalism — 名詞
1. a way of making art, writing books, or staging plays in which people, places, an
寫實主義
如實呈現人事物的藝術風格
a way of making art, writing books, or staging plays in which people, places, and daily events are shown the way they look in real life, with no effort to make them prettier or more dramatic.
Christopher's painting of his grandfather's kitchen shows the naturalism of nineteenth-century French art.
Christopher 畫他祖父廚房的那幅畫，呈現了十九世紀法國藝術的自然主義風格。
the naturalism of + [artistic tradition]
Soraya admired the naturalism in the play, where the actors ate, washed dishes, and quarrelled like a real family.
Soraya 很欣賞那齣戲的寫實主義，演員們像真正的一家人一樣吃飯、洗碗、吵架。
naturalism in [art form] for describing realistic style
The novel won praise for its naturalism, describing the slums of Lyon down to the smell of damp brick.
這部小說因為自然主義的筆法而獲得讚賞，連里昂貧民區潮濕磚牆的味道都寫了出來。
Asher prefers the naturalism of Italian cinema to the bright colours and big sets of Hollywood musicals.
比起好萊塢歌舞片的鮮豔色彩和巨大佈景，Asher 更喜歡義大利電影的寫實主義。
Antonia teaches a course on the rise of naturalism in late nineteenth-century European literature.
Antonia 開了一門課，講述十九世紀後期歐洲文學中自然主義的興起。
- idealism
shows people and scenes as more beautiful or noble than they are in life
- romanticism
favours strong emotion, exotic settings, and the heroic over the ordinary
文法句型
naturalism in [art form]
the naturalism of [artist/work]
用法筆記
Often capitalised (Naturalism) when referring to the specific late-19th-century movement led by Zola and his followers; lowercase for the broader style. Subject is typically a work, an artist, a movement, or a body of art.
常見錯誤
2. the belief, common among scientists and philosophers, that every event in the un
自然主義
主張萬事萬物皆出於自然因果的哲學觀
the belief, common among scientists and philosophers, that every event in the universe — including thought, feeling, and life itself — has a cause that can be studied by science, with no need for gods, spirits, or other powers beyond nature.
Hoa's essay defends naturalism by arguing that even moral feelings come from the way human brains have evolved.
Hoa 的論文為自然主義辯護，主張連道德情感也是人類大腦演化的結果。
defend / argue for naturalism + scientific reasoning
Many modern biologists work within a quiet naturalism, assuming the body is just a very complex machine.
許多現代生物學家在一種低調的自然主義立場下工作，把身體當作極為複雜的機器。
work within naturalism + scientific practice
Emre rejected the strict naturalism of his philosophy professor and turned to writing about religious experience.
Emre 拒絕了哲學教授那套嚴格的自然主義，轉而書寫宗教經驗。
Naturalism holds that thoughts and dreams are events inside the brain, not messages from a separate soul.
自然主義主張，思想與夢境都是大腦內部發生的事件，並不是來自另一個獨立靈魂的訊息。
Élise wrote her thesis on the naturalism of David Hume, the eighteenth-century Scottish philosopher.
Élise 的論文以十八世紀蘇格蘭哲學家 David Hume 的自然主義為題。
- materialism
narrower; specifically the view that only physical matter exists, while naturalism also allows abstract laws and patterns
- physicalism
modern technical term, close to materialism, common in philosophy of mind
- secularism
social and political stance of keeping religion out of public life; overlaps but is not the same as the metaphysical claim
- supernaturalism
the view that some events have causes beyond the natural world
- theism
belief that one or more gods act in the world
文法句型
philosophical naturalism
naturalism holds that [clause]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (an art style): sense 2 is a position in philosophy about what exists and how it can be known. Often qualified — 'methodological naturalism' (scientists set aside the supernatural while working) vs. 'metaphysical naturalism' (the supernatural does not exist at all).