parameters
parameters — 名詞
1. the agreed boundaries or rules that decide what is allowed to happen, often sett
範圍；界限
規定可做之事的範圍
the agreed boundaries or rules that decide what is allowed to happen, often setting the scope of a project, discussion, or piece of work.
The committee asked Pim to work within the parameters of the original research grant.
委員會要求 Pim 在原研究計畫的範圍內進行工作。
within the parameters of [noun] — scope limits
Before the talks began, Diya and Christopher set clear parameters for what each side could request.
會談開始前，Diya 與 Christopher 就雙方可提出的要求設下了清楚的界限。
set parameters for [noun] — establish boundaries
Foreman Joon told the workers that the new safety rules had expanded the parameters of acceptable behaviour on the floor.
領班 Joon 告訴工人，新的安全規定擴大了工廠裡可接受行為的範圍。
Ignacio felt the project's design parameters were too narrow to allow any real creativity.
Ignacio 覺得這個專案的設計範圍太窄，難以發揮真正的創意。
Treasurer Antonia warned that any spending request outside the agreed parameters must go back to the board.
財務長 Antonia 警告，任何超出議定範圍的支出申請都必須再送回董事會審議。
- limits
everyday equivalent; less formal and less procedural
- boundaries
often physical or interpersonal; parameters is more often institutional
- guidelines
softer — suggests advice rather than firm scope rules
- constraints
emphasises what is forbidden, not what is allowed
- free rein
the absence of set boundaries
文法句型
parameters of [something]
within / outside the parameters
set / establish parameters
用法筆記
Almost always plural. Frequently follows 'within', 'outside', 'beyond', 'set', or 'establish'. Object of 'set' is usually an institution, committee, or formal agreement, not an individual whim.
常見錯誤
2. the measurable features of a system or situation whose values shape how that sys
參數；要素
影響系統運作的可測特徵
the measurable features of a system or situation whose values shape how that system behaves — for example, temperature and pressure for a chemical reaction, or class size and teacher experience for a school.
Élise listed the three parameters that most affect how quickly a battery loses charge.
Élise 列出最影響電池電量下降速度的三個參數。
parameters that affect [system] — defining factors
Meteorologist Dewi explained that air pressure, humidity, and temperature are the key parameters used to forecast tomorrow's weather.
氣象學家 Dewi 解釋，氣壓、濕度與溫度是預測明天天氣最關鍵的幾個參數。
key parameters used to [do X] — list of defining factors
Reuben adjusted two parameters on the engine model to see how fuel use would change.
Reuben 調整了引擎模型中的兩個參數，觀察油耗會怎麼變化。
Professor Ilan argued that class size and teacher experience are two parameters that shape how well children learn to read.
Ilan 教授主張，班級人數和老師的經驗，是影響孩子閱讀學習成效的兩個重要要素。
The doctor explained that several parameters of Kwame's blood test had returned to normal.
醫師說明 Kwame 血液檢查中有幾項參數已經回到正常範圍。
- factors
everyday word; parameters is usually quantifiable while factors can be qualitative
- variables
stresses that the value can change; parameter sometimes implies a more stable defining feature
- characteristics
broader — characteristics may be qualitative, parameters are usually measurable
文法句型
parameters of [system / situation]
key / important parameters
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: here a parameter is a measurable feature whose value matters, not a boundary line. Often appears with verbs like 'adjust', 'measure', 'monitor', 'affect', 'shape'. Subject is usually a system, a model, or a test report.
常見錯誤
3. in maths and statistics, the numbers in an equation or model whose values you ch
母數；參數
方程式中決定曲線形狀的數值
in maths and statistics, the numbers in an equation or model whose values you choose in order to pick out one particular member of a wider family of curves or distributions — for example, the slope and intercept of a straight-line equation.
Nikos calculated the two parameters of the straight-line equation from the data points on the graph.
Nikos 根據圖上的資料點，算出這條直線方程式的兩個參數。
parameters of [equation] — values that pin down one curve
Once Tamar fixed the parameters of the model, the predicted growth curve matched the experiment well.
Tamar 把模型的參數固定好之後，預測的成長曲線就與實驗結果相當吻合。
fix the parameters — choose specific values
Statistician Amira reminded the class that a normal distribution has only two parameters: the mean and the standard deviation.
統計學家 Amira 提醒同學，常態分布只有兩個母數：平均數和標準差。
Mr. Pedro showed his students how to estimate the parameters of a simple regression line from a small data sample.
Pedro 老師示範如何讓學生從一小筆樣本資料中，估計簡單迴歸線的參數。
- coefficients
narrower — usually the multiplicative numbers in front of variables
- constants
treats the value as truly fixed; a parameter may be re-estimated
- variables
the symbols that change as inputs; parameters set the shape of the relationship
文法句型
parameters of [equation / curve / model]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: a sense-3 parameter is a number inside an equation or a probability model (e.g. the mean of a normal distribution), not a measured input feature of a real-world system. Common in maths, physics, statistics, and machine-learning textbooks.