subsurface
subsurface — 名詞
1. The layer of natural substances — for example, rock, sand, clay, or soil — found
地表下
地表以下未裸露的岩層或土壤
The layer of natural substances — for example, rock, sand, clay, or soil — found just below the earth's visible surface and not directly exposed to open air.
The oil company spent millions of dollars exploring the subsurface beneath the desert.
這家石油公司花了數百萬美元探勘沙漠下方的地表下岩層。
the subsurface as a target for oil exploration
Rania's research team used sound waves to map the subsurface under the old riverbed.
Rania 的研究團隊利用聲波繪製古老河床下方的地表下結構。
Radar images revealed ancient river channels buried deep in the subsurface.
雷達影像顯示出深埋在地表下的古老河道。
Water trapped in the subsurface can take centuries to reach a nearby lake or ocean.
困在地表下的水可能需要數百年才能到達附近的湖泊或海洋。
subsurface as a slow-moving water reservoir
- drill into the subsurface
- map the subsurface
- explore the subsurface
- deep subsurface
- shallow subsurface
- underground
much more common in everyday language; less technical in tone
- subterranean strata
a technical term; refers specifically to layered rock formations, not loose soil
- surface
the exposed top layer of the earth
文法句型
the subsurface
in the subsurface
the + noun + subsurface
用法筆記
Used as an uncountable noun, typically in geology, hydrology, and civil engineering. The word is broader than 'subsoil,' which refers only to the layer directly below topsoil. In most contexts, the definite article 'the' is used (the subsurface).
常見錯誤
subsurface — 形容詞
- subsurfacepositive
- more subsurfacecomparative
- most subsurfacesuperlative
1. Located, happening, or used beneath the ground's surface, especially in contexts
地下的
位於地表以下的
Located, happening, or used beneath the ground's surface, especially in contexts relating to geology, construction, or natural resource extraction.
Subsurface water is often cleaner than surface water because soil filters out many impurities.
地下水通常比地表水乾淨，因為土壤會過濾掉許多雜質。
subsurface water — naturally filtered by surrounding soil
Mateo's team carried out a subsurface survey before the highway expansion project began.
Mateo 的團隊在高速公路擴建工程開始前進行了地下探勘調查。
The museum installed a subsurface irrigation system to keep the garden green without visible pipes.
博物館安裝了一套地下灌溉系統，讓花園保持翠綠，卻看不到任何外露的管線。
Subsurface mining can be dangerous because of unstable rock layers and poor air circulation.
地下採礦可能很危險，因為岩層不穩定且空氣流通不佳。
subsurface mining — hazards from unstable rock and limited airflow
- subsurface water
- subsurface survey
- subsurface exploration
- subsurface conditions
- subsurface geology
- subsurface mining
- subsurface pipeline
- subsurface irrigation
- underground
more common in everyday language; used broadly for anything below ground level
- subterranean
more formal; often used in literature and biology for caves, organisms, or hidden structures
- below-ground
more literal and informal; common in construction and gardening
- surface
on or relating to the visible top layer of the ground
文法句型
subsurface + noun
用法筆記
Nearly always placed directly before the noun it describes (e.g., subsurface water, subsurface survey, subsurface conditions). Does not have comparative or superlative forms — to express degree, use 'deeper underground' or 'shallower subsurface.'
常見錯誤
同根字
常見搭配
副詞搭配
- deeply subsurface
- directly subsurface
常用片語
- subsurface conditions
- subsurface environment
- subsurface structure
- subsurface geology
介系詞搭配
- in the subsurface
- below the subsurface
- within the subsurface