conditions
conditions — 名詞
1. The physical things that surround a person or place and affect what happens ther
環境；情況
影響人或事物的周遭環境
The physical things that surround a person or place and affect what happens there, such as the weather, light, noise level, or air quality — for example, the conditions in a workplace, a classroom, or an outdoor street.
Drivers must slow down when road conditions are icy.
當道路結冰時，駕駛必須減速慢行。
collocation: road conditions / weather conditions
The hospital improved sanitary conditions after the outbreak.
疫情爆發後，醫院改善了衛生條件。
collocation: living conditions / working conditions
Ananya found it hard to study in such noisy conditions.
Ananya 覺得在這麼嘈雜的環境下很難專心讀書。
Under normal conditions, the flight takes about three hours.
在正常情況下，這趟飛行大約需要三小時。
Rescue workers were trained to operate in extreme conditions.
搜救人員受過訓練，能在極端條件下執勤。
- circumstances
broader term that includes non-physical factors like money or timing
- environment
focuses on the surrounding setting rather than specific factors
- atmosphere
more about the mood or air quality of a place
文法句型
used in plural form
用法筆記
Almost always used in the plural form. The singular 'condition' has a different range of meanings relating to state or requirement.
常見錯誤
2. The physical state of a person, animal, or object, especially regarding health,
健康；狀況
身體或物品的好壞狀態
The physical state of a person, animal, or object, especially regarding health, fitness, or whether something is working well — for example, a patient in serious condition or a used car in mint condition.
The injured cyclist was taken to hospital in critical condition.
受傷的自行車騎士被送往醫院，情況危急。
collocation: in [adj] condition
You need to keep your body in good condition by exercising regularly.
你必須定期運動才能保持身體健康。
collocation: keep/stay in good condition
Sofia bought a second-hand piano that was still in excellent condition.
Sofia 買了一架狀況極佳的中古鋼琴。
The doctor says his heart condition has not changed since last year.
醫生說他的心臟情況自去年以來沒有變化。
Eli checked the tyres and found them in poor condition.
Eli 檢查了輪胎，發現它們的狀況很差。
文法句型
in [adj] condition
用法筆記
When used without an article ('in condition'), refers to fitness level. With an article ('a condition'), usually means a medical problem or illness. Often used with adjectives like 'good', 'poor', 'critical', 'stable'.
常見錯誤
3. Something that must be agreed to, done, or present before something else can hap
條件；要求
必須同意或達成的條款
Something that must be agreed to, done, or present before something else can happen or be allowed — for example, a company setting conditions for a loan, or a parent allowing their child to go out on certain conditions.
The bank agreed to lend them the money on condition that they repay it within five years.
銀行同意貸款給他們，條件是必須在五年內還清。
grammar: on condition that + clause
Raj accepted the job offer but set one condition: he would work from home twice a week.
Raj 接受了這份工作，但提出了一個條件：他每週要在家工作兩天。
collocation: set/attach/impose a condition
The contract contains several conditions that both parties must satisfy before the sale goes through.
合約中包含幾項條件，買賣雙方在交易完成前都必須遵守。
Entry to the competition is subject to the conditions printed on the back of the ticket.
參賽資格須遵守門票背面所印的條件。
One of the conditions of the scholarship is that students maintain a grade average above eighty percent.
這筆獎學金的條件之一是學生的平均成績必須維持在八十分以上。
- requirement
more direct; 'condition' adds the idea of a stipulation that limits or qualifies
- stipulation
more formal and legal in tone
- term
usually plural 'terms', common in contracts and agreements
- proviso
formal synonym for a limiting condition
文法句型
on condition that + clause
condition + that-clause
set/meet a condition
用法筆記
Commonly takes a that-clause. The phrase 'on condition that' is a fixed expression meaning 'only if' and can replace a more complex conditional structure. Distinguish from noun sense 1 (physical circumstances) — this sense is about rules or terms.
常見錯誤
4. A specific section in a legal document such as a contract, will, or insurance po
法律條款
合約中的正式規定
A specific section in a legal document such as a contract, will, or insurance policy that states what must happen or who is responsible in a particular situation — for example, a condition that an insurance payout depends on proof of damage.
The insurance policy contains a condition that requires the homeowner to install smoke detectors.
這份保險合約中有一項條款，要求屋主安裝煙霧探測器。
collocation: contain/include a condition
A condition precedent means the contract only becomes active once a certain event takes place.
先決條款是指合約只有在特定事件發生後才生效。
legal term: condition precedent
Their lawyer argued that the other party had not fulfilled the conditions of the agreement.
他們的律師主張對方未履行協議中的條件。
Before signing the lease, Mateo read every condition in the tenancy contract.
在簽署租約前，Mateo 仔細閱讀了租約中的每一項條款。
The will states that ownership of the house is subject to the condition that the garden remains open to the public.
遺囑中規定，房屋所有權的條件是花園必須持續對公眾開放。
- clause
broader term for any section of a legal document
- provision
a formal term for a specific legal rule within a document
- stipulation
emphasises that something is demanded as part of an agreement
文法句型
condition precedent
condition subsequent
subject to condition
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 3: sense 3 is a general requirement in any context, while sense 4 is a formal legal term with specific enforceable status. In legal writing, 'condition precedent' refers to an event that must happen before a duty arises, while 'condition subsequent' terminates an existing duty after an event.
常見錯誤
5. A person's position or standing in society, often based on wealth, birth, or occ
社會地位
個人在社會中的階層
A person's position or standing in society, often based on wealth, birth, or occupation.
In some historical societies, people of noble condition had privileges that others did not.
在某些歷史社會中，貴族階層的人擁有他人所沒有的特權。
formal: of [adj] condition
The novel explores the lives of families of humble condition in nineteenth-century London.
這本小說探討了十九世紀倫敦社會底層家庭的生活。
Class divisions at that time meant people rarely married outside their own condition.
當時的階級制度意味著人們很少與不同階層的人結婚。
She rose from a condition of poverty to become a respected judge.
她從貧困的出身崛起，成為一位受人尊敬的法官。
文法句型
of [adj] condition
用法筆記
Archaic or literary in modern English. More commonly replaced by 'social status', 'class', or 'station'. Usually appears in fixed phrases like 'of noble condition' or 'of humble condition'.
常見錯誤
6. The personal qualities, habitual ways of behaving, or natural temperament that f
性格；氣質
個人的特質與性情
The personal qualities, habitual ways of behaving, or natural temperament that form someone's character.
The therapist noted that the patient's happy condition of mind helped her recovery.
治療師注意到病人愉快的心境有助於康復。
formal: condition of mind
Her naturally cheerful condition of mind helped her remain calm during the crisis.
她天生樂觀的心境幫助她在危機中保持冷靜。
formal: condition of mind = state of mind / temperament
His quiet condition of mind made him a patient and observant teacher.
他沉靜的心境使他成為一位有耐心且善於觀察的老師。
The philosopher wrote about the natural condition of humankind being driven by both reason and emotion.
這位哲學家寫道，人類的本性同時受到理性與情感的驅動。
- temperament
more common modern term for natural character
- disposition
similar formality, refers to inherent personality
- nature
broader term covering both inborn and learned qualities
用法筆記
This sense is formal and somewhat literary in modern English. It overlaps with 'temperament' or 'disposition' but is less commonly used. More frequent in fixed phrases such as 'condition of mind' or 'human condition'.
7. A low mark given to a student that is too poor to pass a course but can be raise
補考評分
可透過補救提升的不及格分數
A low mark given to a student that is too poor to pass a course but can be raised to a passing grade if the student completes extra assignments within a set time.
Omar received a condition in chemistry and had to retake the final exam.
Omar 的化學科拿到需補考的成績，必須重考期末考。
The professor gave her a condition instead of a failing grade, allowing her to submit extra work.
教授給了她是補考分數而非不及格，讓她有機會補交作業。
collocation: give/get/receive a condition
If you remove the condition by the end of the semester, your transcript will show a passing grade.
如果你在學期末前完成補救，成績單上就會顯示為及格。
The university allows students only one condition per academic year.
該大學規定學生每學年只能有一次補考評分的機會。
- incomplete
different: an 'incomplete' is for unfinished work, while a 'condition' is for unsatisfactory completed work
文法句型
get/receive a condition
remove a condition
用法筆記
This sense is specific to certain American universities and is not widely understood outside of that context. Much less common than 'incomplete' (another type of temporary grade).
8. The part of a conditional sentence (usually beginning with 'if' or 'unless') tha
條件句子句
if 引導的條件子句
The part of a conditional sentence (usually beginning with 'if' or 'unless') that states the situation that must be true for the result in the other clause to happen.
In the sentence 'If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled', the condition is 'If it rains'.
在「If it rains, the picnic will be cancelled」這句話中，條件句是「If it rains」。
grammar: if-condition clause
Students often confuse the condition clause with the result clause in conditional sentences.
學生經常把條件句中的條件子句和結果子句搞混。
The condition 'unless you apologise' introduces the only situation that would change the outcome.
「unless you apologise」這個條件子句指出了唯一能改變結果的情況。
In zero conditional sentences, both the condition and the result are in the present simple tense.
在零條件句中，條件子句和結果子句都使用現在簡單式。
- result clause
the main clause that states what happens when the condition is met
文法句型
if-condition clause
condition clause + main clause
用法筆記
Used in grammar teaching. A 'condition clause' is the same as the 'if-clause' or 'protasis' in traditional grammar terminology. It can appear at the beginning or end of the sentence, separated by a comma when it comes first.
常見錯誤
conditions — 動詞
1. To train a person or animal to behave or react in a certain way through repeated
訓練；使習慣
透過重複讓人或動物產生特定反應
To train a person or animal to behave or react in a certain way through repeated experience — for example, conditioning a dog to sit when it hears a bell, or people becoming conditioned to work in a noisy environment.
The dogs were conditioned to salivate when they heard a bell ring.
這些狗被訓練到一聽到鈴聲就會流口水。
psychology: classical conditioning / Pavlovian conditioning
After years of early shifts, Tao had conditioned himself to wake up before sunrise.
經過多年的早班工作，Tao 已經習慣在日出前起床。
reflexive: condition oneself to
People living near airports become conditioned to the noise of planes overhead.
住在機場附近的人已習慣頭頂上飛機的噪音。
Athletes condition their bodies through daily practice and a strict diet.
運動員透過每天練習和嚴格的飲食來鍛鍊身體。
The soldiers were conditioned to respond instantly to commands in any situation.
這些士兵被訓練到在任何情況下都能立即回應命令。
文法句型
condition + person/animal + to + verb
be conditioned to + verb/noun
用法筆記
In psychology, 'condition' is a technical term (classical vs operant conditioning), but in everyday use it simply means 'to get used to something through repetition'. Closely related to 'train' but 'condition' emphasises automatic, often unconscious responses.
常見錯誤
2. To state formally that something is only possible or allowed if another thing ha
設為條件
規定某事須先達成
To state formally that something is only possible or allowed if another thing happens first — for example, a donation conditioned on the school changing its policy.
The grant was conditioned on the organisation submitting a detailed budget plan.
這筆補助款的條件是該組織必須提交詳細的預算計畫。
passive: be conditioned on + noun
Her offer to help was conditioned by several strict requirements.
她的援助提議受到幾項嚴格要求的限制。
The university conditions its scholarship awards on students maintaining a high grade average.
該大學規定獎學金的發放條件是學生的平均成績必須維持在高標準。
Neither party may condition acceptance of the agreement on future negotiations.
任何一方都不得將接受協議與未來協商掛鉤。
文法句型
condition + on + noun
be conditioned on/by + noun
用法筆記
Almost always takes the preposition 'on' or 'upon'. Frequently used in the passive voice. Distinguish from verb sense 1 (train/adapt) which takes the preposition 'to'.
常見錯誤
3. To supply a room, building, or vehicle with cool dry air using a mechanical syst
裝空調
為空間提供冷氣
To supply a room, building, or vehicle with cool dry air using a mechanical system.
The new office building is fully air-conditioned to keep workers comfortable in summer.
新的辦公大樓全面安裝空調，讓員工在夏天工作時感到舒適。
passive: be air-conditioned
Only the main hall is air-conditioned; the smaller rooms rely on fans.
只有主廳有空調，較小的房間只能靠電風扇。
Nadia prefers to work in an air-conditioned space rather than one with open windows.
Nadia 比較喜歡在有冷氣的空間工作，而不是開窗的房間。
The hotel room was air-conditioned but the system broke down on the hottest day.
飯店房間有空調，但系統在最熱的那天故障了。
- air-condition
the full and more common form of this verb
文法句型
be conditioned
conditioned + noun
用法筆記
Almost always used in the past participle form ('conditioned') in the phrase 'air-conditioned'. The bare verb 'to condition' alone to mean 'air-condition' is rare outside technical or industry use.
常見錯誤
4. To give a student a temporary low mark that can be improved by completing extra
評補考分
給出可補救的暫定分數
To give a student a temporary low mark that can be improved by completing extra work within a certain time.
The professor conditioned three students in the introductory physics course.
這位教授在物理入門課程中給了三位學生補考分數。
collocation: condition + student + in + subject
If you are conditioned in a class, you have one semester to raise your grade.
如果你在某門課拿到補考分數，你有一個學期的時間來提升成績。
The department policy allows instructors to condition no more than ten percent of their students.
系上規定教師可給予補考分數的學生不得超過全班的一成。
Arjun was conditioned in history but managed to pass after submitting extra essays.
Arjun 的歷史科拿到補考分數，但補交幾篇論文後順利及格了。
- give an incomplete
different: 'incomplete' is for unfinished coursework, while 'condition' is for completed but unsatisfactory work
文法句型
condition + student
be conditioned in + subject
用法筆記
Restricted to a small number of American universities. Much less common than 'giving an incomplete' or 'failing'. The student is said to 'remove the condition' by completing the required extra work.