the above
the above — 名詞
1. a person, group, or piece of information that has already been named or written
上述；前述
同一文件先前提及的內容
a person, group, or piece of information that has already been named or written about earlier in the same letter, report, or document.
The above proves that the school's new reading programme improved test scores.
上述內容證明了學校的新閱讀計劃提高了測驗分數。
the above + verb (proves) — standalone subject
If you disagree with any of the above, please write to us within fourteen days.
如果您不同意上述任何內容，請在十四天內來信告知。
any of the above — partitive pattern
Selim read the above twice before signing the contract on behalf of his company.
Selim 在代表公司簽署合約前，把上述內容讀了兩遍。
All of the above conditions must be met before the grant money is released.
上述所有條件都必須達成，補助金才會撥款。
- the foregoing
more formal, used mainly in legal or very formal writing
- the aforementioned
even more formal than 'the above'; common in legal documents
- the preceding
used when referring to text, images, or sections that come immediately before the current point
- the following
refers to what comes after the current point in a document
文法句型
the above + verb
the above + noun
all of the above
用法筆記
Only sense that can be modified by 'all of' or 'any of' before the word itself. Frequently used as the subject in formal correspondence. This sense picks out a specific referent (person, thing, fact) that was already named — compare with the idiom sense, which functions as a discourse marker rather than a referential noun phrase.
常見錯誤
the above — 慣用語
1. a formal discourse marker used to introduce a conclusion, decision, or instructi
如前所述
正式文件回指前文用語
a formal discourse marker used to introduce a conclusion, decision, or instruction that follows from text already provided earlier in a piece of writing.
Per the above, all employees must complete the safety training before October 1st.
如前所述，所有員工必須在十月一日前完成安全訓練。
per the above — introduces a directive based on earlier text
In light of the above, the committee postponed the vote until next month.
鑑於以上所述，委員會將投票延至下個月舉行。
in light of the above — logical conclusion pattern
Piotr referred to the above-mentioned budget figures during his presentation to the board.
Piotr 在董事會上提到了前述的預算數字。
As stated in the above, the university will offer full scholarships to all qualifying students.
如上所述，該大學將為所有符合資格的學生提供全額獎學金。
- as noted above
slightly less formal, common in emails and reports
- as previously stated
similar meaning but avoids the word 'above', useful when the reference isn't spatially above
文法句型
per the above
as per the above
in light of the above
the above-mentioned + noun
用法筆記
Functions as a discourse-level connective, not a referential noun phrase. Unlike the noun sense (which picks out a specific person, thing, or fact), this idiom frames the entire preceding text as the basis for a new claim or directive. Common in business emails, legal memos, and academic papers.