totalling
totalling — 形容詞
- totallingpositive
- more totallingcomparative
- most totallingsuperlative
1. including every part, person, or thing without any being left out; representing
總共的
包含所有部分的；完整的
including every part, person, or thing without any being left out; representing the whole of something.
The total cost of the holiday, including flights and hotels, was nearly two thousand dollars.
這趟假期的總費用，包含機票和旅館，將近兩千美元。
total cost — describes cost of everything combined
When Sana counted the total number of guests, she realised they needed more chairs.
Sana 數了賓客總人數後，發現他們需要更多椅子。
total number — all items counted together
The total amount raised by the school fair was enough to buy ten new basketballs and repaint the gymnasium walls.
學校園遊會募得的總金額足夠購買十顆新籃球並重新粉刷體育館的牆壁。
total amount — combined fundraising figure used for specific purchases
Linh checked the total hours she worked on site before submitting her payslip to the foreman.
Linh 在把薪資單交給工頭之前，先確認了她在工地的工作總時數。
total hours — combined work time on a specific job
The total weight of the luggage was over the airline limit, so Tariro removed some items.
行李的總重量超過了航空公司的限制，所以 Tariro 必須拿出一些物品。
total weight — the combined weight of several items
- total amount
- total cost
- total number
- total weight
- total value
- total population
- partial
refers to only a part rather than the whole
文法句型
total + noun
用法筆記
Only used before a noun — you cannot say 'the cost was total'. Use 'total' + noun to refer to the sum of all parts.
常見錯誤
2. as great in degree as possible; used to emphasise the strength of a feeling, sit
完全的
程度極大的；徹底的
as great in degree as possible; used to emphasise the strength of a feeling, situation, or quality — for example, total silence, total chaos, or total honesty.
When the power went out, the house fell into total darkness and nobody could see.
停電的時候，整間房子陷入一片漆黑，什麼都看不見。
total darkness — complete absence of light
Piotr felt total surprise when his friends threw him a birthday party he knew nothing about.
Piotr 的朋友為他辦了一場他完全不知情的生日派對，令他感到非常驚訝。
The manager demanded total honesty from every team member during the meeting about the budget.
經理要求團隊每位成員在預算會議上完全坦誠以對。
total honesty — complete truthfulness
After the earthquake, there was total chaos in the streets as people tried to find their families.
地震過後，街上一片混亂，大家都在忙著尋找家人。
Jiwoo listened in total silence as the head teacher announced the winner of the science prize.
校長宣布科學獎得主時，Jiwoo 在一片寂靜中仔細聆聽。
total silence — complete absence of sound
- total silence
- total chaos
- total darkness
- total honesty
- total surprise
- total disaster
- total failure
- partial
only a part rather than the full degree
文法句型
total + noun
用法筆記
Common with abstract nouns describing states or feelings (darkness, silence, chaos, surprise, honesty). Cannot be used with physical objects — you would not say 'a total table'.
常見錯誤
3. using every possible effort or resource to achieve a goal; with nothing held bac
全面的
投入一切資源的
using every possible effort or resource to achieve a goal; with nothing held back.
The army launched a total assault on the enemy camp, using all available soldiers and weapons.
軍隊發動了全面攻擊，投入了所有可用的士兵和武器。
total assault — military operation using every resource
The company made a total commitment to reducing its carbon emissions within five years.
該公司做出了全面承諾，要在五年內減少碳排放。
Yael's team put in a total effort to finish the project before the Friday deadline.
Yael 的團隊全力投入，趕在星期五截止日前完成專案。
total effort — using every bit of energy available
The government called for a total ban on single-use plastic bags across the whole country.
政府呼籲在全國範圍內全面禁用一次性塑膠袋。
- total effort
- total commitment
- total ban
- total assault
- total war
- all-out
informal equivalent; 'an all-out effort' = 'a total effort'
- full-scale
commonly used for operations or attacks; 'a full-scale investigation'
- comprehensive
focuses on wide coverage rather than intensity
- limited
restricted in scope or effort
文法句型
total + noun
用法筆記
Typically used with nouns describing organised efforts, campaigns, or operations. Stronger and more formal than 'full' in this context.
totalling — 副詞
1. to the greatest possible degree; used to emphasise that something is true in eve
完全地
徹底地；到最大程度
to the greatest possible degree; used to emphasise that something is true in every way, leaving no room for doubt or exception.
David was totally confused by the complicated instructions for the new software at work.
David 被新軟體複雜的操作說明搞得一頭霧水。
totally + adjective describing a feeling
Romi totally forgot about the dentist appointment until the receptionist called to remind her.
Romi 完全忘了牙醫的預約，直到櫃檯人員打電話提醒她。
totally + verb — emphasises the completeness of the action
After the tour guide explained the castle's history, Eli knew his friend's tunnel theory was totally wrong.
聽完導遊解說城堡的歷史後，Eli 知道朋友關於祕密通道的理論完全是錯的。
totally wrong — emphasising complete incorrectness
The two paintings looked totally different even though both were painted by the same artist.
這兩幅畫雖然出自同一位畫家，但看起來完全不同。
Tamás was totally honest with his parents about how he had damaged the family car.
Tamás 對父母完全坦承他是如何弄壞家裡那輛車的。
totally honest — emphasises the absence of any dishonesty
- totally different
- totally agree
- totally wrong
- totally honest
- totally forgotten
- totally confused
- completely
standard neutral alternative; 'totally agree' = 'completely agree'
- absolutely
slightly stronger emphasis; common in agreement ('Absolutely!')
- entirely
slightly more formal; 'entirely different' = 'totally different'
文法句型
totally + adjective
totally + verb
用法筆記
Common in both formal and informal English. In very casual speech, 'totally' can also be used as a vague filler ('That is so totally cool'), but this is not standard in writing.
常見錯誤
❌ 'I totally agree with you.' (acceptable) — This is correct; 'totally agree' is a common collocation.
totalling — 名詞
1. the number or amount that you get when you add together several smaller numbers
總數
各項相加得到的總和
the number or amount that you get when you add together several smaller numbers or amounts.
Sana added up the prices of all the items and arrived at a total of eighty-five dollars.
Sana 把所有物品的價格加起來，總數是八十五美元。
a total of + amount
The total of all the donations collected during the charity week reached over ten thousand pounds.
慈善週期間所有捐款的總數超過了一萬英鎊。
the total of + noun phrase
Piotr checked his calculator twice because the total did not match what he expected to pay.
Piotr 用計算機算了兩次，因為總數跟他預期的金額不符。
A total of thirty-two students signed up for the summer art workshop at the community centre.
共有三十二名學生報名參加社區中心的暑期藝術工作坊。
A total of + number — common pattern for reporting statistics
In total, Jiwoo spent six months travelling through Southeast Asia before returning home.
Jiwoo 總共花了六個月的時間在東南亞旅行，之後才回家。
- a total of
- in total
- grand total
- running total
- reach a total
- arrive at a total
- sum
more mathematical; 'the sum of 4 and 5 is 9'
- aggregate
formal; used in business or statistics
- grand total
emphasises that this is the final figure after adding everything
文法句型
a total of + number
the total + of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Common in the fixed phrase 'in total' meaning 'when everything is added together'. 'A total of' is followed by a plural noun but takes a singular verb: 'A total of 50 people was present' (formal) or 'were present' (more common).
常見錯誤
2. a complete amount or quantity that someone has, owes, or pays — seen as a single
總額
視為整體的款項；非累加總和
a complete amount or quantity that someone has, owes, or pays — seen as a single unit in financial or business contexts, not as a result of adding items up.
Nila's total savings from two years of babysitting was not enough for the nursing programme fees.
Nila 當了兩年保母的積蓄總額，還是不夠支付護理課程的費用。
the total of someone's savings — a complete accumulated amount
Mert checked the total on the restaurant bill before deciding whether to leave a tip.
Mert 看了一下餐廳帳單上的總額，然後決定要不要給小費。
the total on the bill — common in everyday shopping/dining
Ravindra showed Kian the company sales total, which was thirty percent above last year.
Ravindra 把公司的銷售總額拿給 Kian 看，比去年高出三成。
the company's total for — complete business figure
Romi could not believe the total when the car repair shop handed her the final invoice.
Romi 看到汽車修理廠交給她的最終帳單上的總額時，簡直不敢相信。
- the total
- my/your/their total
- grand total
- final total
- running total
- part
a portion of the whole
文法句型
the total of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Often used with possessive determiners ('my total', 'the company's total') or in business/financial contexts. Distinguish from sense 1 (SUM TOTAL): sense 1 focuses on the result of addition; sense 2 focuses on the complete quantity viewed as a whole.
totalling — 動詞
- totallingpresent simple I / you / we / they
- totallings3rd person singular
- totallinging-ing form
- totallingedpast simple
1. to calculate the complete amount of something by adding together all the separat
加總
把各項數字加起來計算總和
to calculate the complete amount of something by adding together all the separate parts or figures.
Sana totalled the receipts from her bakery's weekend sales at the kitchen table.
Sana 在廚房餐桌上加總了烘焙坊週末的收據。
totalling the receipts — calculating a financial total
The accountant totalled all the expenses on a large spreadsheet before sending the quarterly report.
會計師在發送季度報告之前，先把所有支出加總到一個大型試算表上。
Linh totalled the scores from every round to find out who had won the prize.
Linh 加總了比賽每一輪的分數，來找出誰贏得了獎項。
Before splitting the bill, Piotr had to total what each person had ordered for dinner.
在分攤帳單之前，Piotr 必須先算出每個人當天晚餐點了什麼。
total up — phrasal verb form; total what each person ordered
David totalled the votes from each classroom to announce the winner of the school election.
David 加總了每個班級的票數，來宣布學校選舉的優勝者。
- total the cost
- total the figures
- total up
- total the receipts
- total the scores
- total the expenses
文法句型
total + noun phrase
total up + noun phrase
total something up
用法筆記
British English spells the -ing form as 'totalling' and the past tense as 'totalled'. American English uses 'totaling' and 'totaled'. The verb can be used with or without 'up': 'total the figures' = 'total up the figures'.
常見錯誤
2. to reach a particular number or amount when separate parts are combined.
總計達
加起來達到某個數字
to reach a particular number or amount when separate parts are combined.
The cost of repairing the roof totalled over three thousand dollars, which shocked the homeowners.
修理屋頂的費用總計超過三千美元，讓屋主大為吃驚。
total + amount — stating the final figure
Donations from the local community totalled fifty thousand dollars for the new library building fund.
來自當地社區的捐款總計達五萬美元，用於新建圖書館。
Tariro's travel expenses for the month totalled less than her budget had originally allowed for.
Tariro 該月的旅費總計比她原本預算的金額還少。
The number of students who signed up for the summer course totalled one hundred and twenty people.
報名暑期課程的學生人數總計有一百二十人。
number + totalled + figure — reporting a count
Yael's electricity bills totalled eight hundred dollars over the three coldest months of winter.
Yael 在冬季最冷的三個月裡，電費帳單總計達八百美元。
- total + amount of money
- total + number/quantity
- costs totalled
- expenses totalled
- population totalled
文法句型
total + amount/number
用法筆記
This sense does not use 'up'. The subject is typically a cost, number, or quantity, and the object is the final figure. Can also be used figuratively: 'His lies totalled a complete loss of trust.'
3. to wreck a motor vehicle in a serious accident so completely that fixing it cost
報廢
把車撞毀到無法修理
to wreck a motor vehicle in a serious accident so completely that fixing it costs more than the vehicle is worth.
Jiwoo's brother totalled his car when he hit a tree on the icy road last winter.
Jiwoo 的哥哥去年冬天在結冰的路上撞到一棵樹，把車撞到報廢。
totalled + car/vehicle — informal use for wrecking a vehicle
The delivery van was totalled in the highway crash, but the driver escaped with only minor injuries.
送貨的廂型車在高速公路上撞到報廢，但司機只受了輕傷。
passive: was totalled in the crash
Caleb totalled his hatchback when he skidded on a patch of black ice and hit the barrier on the motorway.
Caleb 在結了薄冰的路面上打滑，撞上高速公路的護欄，把掀背車撞到報廢。
totalled + hatchback — vehicular collision, American informal use
Mert's insurance company declared the motorcycle totalled after the accident on the mountain highway.
Mert 的保險公司宣布那輛機車在山上公路上發生事故後已達報廢標準。
Léa was grateful that nobody was hurt even though the accident totalled her brand new hatchback.
Léa 很慶幸沒有人受傷，儘管那場車禍把她全新的掀背車撞到報廢。
- total a car
- total a vehicle
- total a truck
- get the car totalled
- declared totalled
文法句型
total + vehicle noun phrase
用法筆記
Chiefly American English and informal. In formal contexts, use 'written off' (British) or 'declared a total loss'. The British spelling is 'totalled'; American spelling is 'totaled'. Can occasionally be extended to other objects in very informal speech (e.g., 'I totally totalled my phone'), but this is non-standard.
常見錯誤
❌ 'He totalled his computer when he dropped it.' — This is non-standard; 'total' for wrecking is only standard for vehicles.
❌ 'The car was totally destroyed.' — This is correct but different; 'totally destroyed' is standard English, while 'totalled' is the specialised informal term for vehicles.
同根字
常見搭配
名詞搭配
- total amount
- total cost
- total number
- total value
- total population
- total score
- total weight
- total sales
常用片語
- a total of
- in total
- grand total
- running total
- the total comes to
介系詞搭配
- in total
- out of a total of