trophic
trophic — 形容詞
- trophicpositive
- more trophiccomparative
- most trophicsuperlative
1. describing what something eats and how energy or food moves between living thing
營養級的
與生態系食物關係或營養層級有關
describing what something eats and how energy or food moves between living things in an ecosystem, especially used by scientists when grouping animals and plants by what eats what.
Esteban's class mapped trophic levels in the pond, from algae up to herons.
Esteban 的課把池塘裡的營養級畫了出來，從藻類一路畫到鷺鷥。
collocation: trophic level(s)
A single oil spill can disrupt every trophic level along the coast for years.
一次漏油就可能讓海岸沿線的每個營養級受影響長達數年。
collocation: trophic level
Removing wolves from Yellowstone caused a famous trophic cascade that changed the rivers themselves.
把狼從黃石公園移走，引發了著名的營養級聯反應，連河流的樣貌都因此改變。
Meera's poster showed how plastic moves up the trophic chain from tiny fish to tuna.
Meera 的海報展示塑膠如何沿著食物鏈的營養級從小魚一路累積到鮪魚身上。
Scientists worry that warmer seas are breaking the trophic links between krill and whales.
科學家擔心海水變暖正在切斷磷蝦和鯨魚之間的營養連結。
- nutritional
broader; covers food and diet in general, not the ecological position
- feeding (attributive)
plainer alternative when writing for non-specialists
文法句型
trophic + noun (level, cascade, web, chain, structure)
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun (trophic level, trophic cascade, trophic web) rather than after 'be'. Common in ecology and nutrition writing; rare in everyday English.
常見錯誤
2. (of a hormone or chemical signal) making a gland in the body send out another ho
促泌的
刺激腺體分泌另一種激素進入血液
(of a hormone or chemical signal) making a gland in the body send out another hormone into the blood, so one signal triggers a second one.
TSH is a trophic hormone that tells the thyroid to release its own hormones.
TSH 是一種促激素，會指示甲狀腺釋放自己分泌的激素。
collocation: trophic hormone
The pituitary gland sends out several trophic hormones that control glands all over the body.
腦下垂體會分泌好幾種促激素，調節全身各處的腺體。
collocation: trophic hormones (pituitary)
Dr. Min explained that ACTH has a trophic effect on the adrenal glands.
Dr. Min 解釋說，ACTH 對腎上腺有促泌作用。
Without these trophic signals from the brain, the ovaries stop making their hormones.
若沒有大腦傳來的這些促性腺訊號，卵巢就會停止分泌它們自己的激素。
- stimulating (of a hormone)
plainer; used in patient-facing writing
- tropic
older spelling still seen in medical texts (e.g. tropic hormone)
文法句型
trophic + hormone / effect
用法筆記
Only used before a noun, almost always paired with 'hormone', 'effect', or 'signal'. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense is about one hormone triggering another inside the body, not about eating or ecosystems.