ward
ward — 動詞
- wardpresent simple I / you / we / they
- wards3rd person singular
- warding-ing form
- wardedpast simple
1. to stay close to someone or something and watch over them, keeping them safe fro
守衛；守護
看守並保護免受傷害
to stay close to someone or something and watch over them, keeping them safe from attack or danger
The knights warded the castle gates through the long winter months.
騎士們在漫長的冬季守衛著城堡的大門。
historical register: ward + castle/gate
Adisa's dog warded the farmyard, barking at every stranger who came near.
Adisa 的狗守護著農場院子，對每個走近的陌生人吠叫。
ward + place (farmyard) with present-participle clause
For three days the soldiers warded the bridge against the advancing army.
士兵們一連三天守衛橋樑，抵擋敵軍前進。
A pair of bronze lions warded the entrance to the emperor's tomb.
一對銅獅守護著皇帝陵墓的入口。
文法句型
ward + object
用法筆記
This sense is now uncommon in everyday English; it survives mainly in historical, literary, or fantasy contexts. In modern spoken English, 'guard' or 'protect' are used instead.
常見錯誤
2. to push or keep something harmful or unpleasant away from yourself, especially b
擋開；避開
推開或阻止有害事物
to push or keep something harmful or unpleasant away from yourself, especially by using physical force or a barrier
The shield warded the arrow, sending it spinning to the ground.
盾牌擋開了箭矢，讓它旋轉著掉落到地上。
ward as physical deflection with object (arrow)
Gabriel raised his arm quickly to ward the blow before it could land.
Gabriel 迅速舉起手臂擋開那一擊，以免被打中。
A low stone wall warded the cattle from the fierce desert winds.
一道低矮的石牆為牛群擋住了沙漠的強風。
The trees along the coast warded the worst of the storm from the village.
海岸邊的樹林為村莊擋住了暴風雨最猛烈的部分。
文法句型
ward + object
用法筆記
This sense of 'ward' is almost always used with the particle 'off' in modern English (see phrasal verb below). The bare-verb form occurs mainly in literary or formal writing.
常見錯誤
ward — 名詞
- wardsingular
- wardsplural
1. A space inside a hospital with beds where patients who share a type of illness o
病房
醫院內供病人居住與治療的房間或區域
A space inside a hospital with beds where patients who share a type of illness or treatment are looked after.
Roya spent three nights in the children's ward after her surgery.
Roya 在兒童病房住了三個晚上，手術後恢復良好。
noun phrase: children's ward
The maternity ward at City Hospital has twelve beds for new mothers.
City Hospital 的產科病房有十二張床位給新手媽媽使用。
compound: maternity ward
Nurses check the patients in the cancer ward every two hours.
護理師每兩個小時檢查癌症病房裡的病人。
Haruto's grandmother was moved to a private ward for her recovery.
Haruto 的祖母為了康復被轉到一間私人病房。
The emergency ward was full of people waiting for treatment that night.
那天晚上急診病房裡擠滿了等待治療的人。
用法筆記
Commonly combined with a type of illness, treatment, or patient group: cancer ward, maternity ward, psychiatric ward.
常見錯誤
2. A separate section within a prison that contains a group of cells for a specific
監區
監獄內分隔的區域，含多間牢房
A separate section within a prison that contains a group of cells for a specific type of prisoner.
Lukas was moved to a different ward after the fight broke out.
打架事件發生後，Lukas 被轉到另一個監區。
The prisoners in the high-security ward are watched day and night.
高度戒備監區的囚犯日夜都受到監視。
adjective + ward: high-security ward
Each ward in the prison has its own set of daily rules.
監獄裡的每個監區都有自己的日常規定。
The prison warden inspected the ward before breakfast every morning.
典獄長每天早上早餐前巡視監區。
3. A district within a town created for voting purposes and local administration.
選區
城鎮為選舉與行政劃分的區域
A district within a town created for voting purposes and local administration.
Gabriel was elected as the council member for the northern ward.
Gabriel 當選為北區選區的市議員。
preposition: for + ward
Each ward in the city sends one representative to the town hall.
市裡的每個選區選出一名代表到市政廳。
The boundaries of the coastal ward were changed before the election.
濱海選區的邊界在選舉前進行了調整。
Residents of the ward voted on the new school building plan.
該選區的居民投票決定新建學校的計畫。
用法筆記
Common in British, Australian, and Canadian local government contexts. In the US, 'ward' is used in some cities but 'district' or 'precinct' is more frequent.
4. Someone whom a judge puts into the care of a guardian or the legal system — most
受監護人
受法院或監護人保護的人（尤指兒童）
Someone whom a judge puts into the care of a guardian or the legal system — most often a minor whose own parents cannot raise them.
After her parents passed away, Linh became a ward of the court.
父母過世後，Linh 成為由法院監護的人。
fixed phrase: ward of the court
The judge declared the child a ward of the state until a guardian is found.
法官宣告這名兒童為國家受監護人，直到找到監護人為止。
fixed phrase: ward of the state
As a ward, Tara received financial support and housing from the government.
身為受監護人，Tara 獲得政府的經濟支援和住所。
The social worker visits each ward in her care every two weeks.
社工人員每兩週探視她所負責的每一位受監護人。
- guardian
the person who has legal responsibility for a ward
用法筆記
Frequently used in the fixed expressions 'ward of court' and 'ward of the state'. Usually refers to a minor whose parents cannot or will not care for them.
常見錯誤
ward — 慣用語
ward — 形容詞字尾
1. used to form adjectives that describe a person, thing, or movement that goes, fa
朝…的
表示朝向某個方向移動或面對
used to form adjectives that describe a person, thing, or movement that goes, faces, or points toward a particular direction or place — for example, a homeward train is one travelling toward home, or a forward cabin is one at the front of a ship.
The forward cabins on the ship have the best views of the ocean.
船上朝前的艙房擁有最佳海景。
forward as adjective describing position toward the front
A homeward train was already waiting at platform three when Bilal arrived.
Bilal 抵達時，一列返鄉的火車已在第三月台等候。
homeward = travelling toward home
The northward current pulled the fishing boat toward the Arctic Circle.
向北的海流將漁船拉向北極圈。
An eastward wind carried the smoke from the fire across the valley.
一陣向東的風將火災的煙霧吹過山谷。
The caravan continued on its southward route through the desert for another week.
駱駝商隊繼續沿著向南的路線穿越沙漠，又走了一週。
文法句型
[direction/location noun] + -ward + [noun]
用法筆記
The noun that -ward attaches to is most often a direction word (north, east, south, west), a place word (home, land, sea), or back/forward. In British English the adverbial form often ends in -wards (e.g. walk homewards), but the adjective form stays -ward.
常見錯誤
2. used to form adjectives that describe something located or happening in a partic
在…方的
表示位於某個方向的位置
used to form adjectives that describe something located or happening in a particular direction from a reference point — for example, the landward side of an island is the side that faces toward the land rather than the sea.
The landward side of the island has richer soil than the coastal areas.
島嶼朝陸地的一面比沿海地區擁有更肥沃的土壤。
landward = situated toward the land
The westward rooms in Élise's apartment get bright afternoon sunshine.
Élise 公寓朝西的房間在午後陽光充足。
The seaward wall of the old fort was built five metres thick.
古城堡面海的那堵牆厚達五公尺。
The northward fields of the farm are still covered in morning frost.
農場朝北的田地清晨時仍然覆蓋著白霜。
Hao took the shoreward path that ran along the cliff top to the lighthouse.
Hao 沿著崖頂那條靠海的小徑走向燈塔。
文法句型
[location noun] + -ward + [noun]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (DIRECTED TOWARD): sense 1 describes something that is actively moving or facing a direction; sense 2 describes a static position or location. The same -ward word can sometimes carry either meaning depending on context — 'the northward slope of the hill' (sense 2, position) vs 'the northward march of the army' (sense 1, movement).
常見錯誤
ward — 副詞字尾
1. added to direction words or place nouns to form adverbs that tell the spatial di
往…方
朝某方向延伸或持續
added to direction words or place nouns to form adverbs that tell the spatial direction in which something stretches or the temporal direction in which something continues — for instance, the fence runs northward across the field, or the tradition carries onward through the years.
The hiking trail runs southward from the village toward a small fishing lake.
這條健行步道從村莊往南延伸，通向一個小釣魚湖。
run + direction-ward for spatial extent
From that day onward, Tariq kept a small notebook in his pocket all the time.
從那天以後，Tariq 隨身都在口袋裡放一本小筆記本。
[time] + onward for temporal continuation
The desert stretches eastward past the rocky hills into the next province.
這片沙漠向東延伸，越過岩石丘陵，進入下一個省份。
Camila's garden extends westward behind the house down to the small creek.
Camila 的花園在房子後面往西延伸，一直通到小溪邊。
文法句型
[direction word] + -ward after verb of position/stretching
用法筆記
This sense describes the line or path of something that continues in a direction, rather than movement toward a destination. Common verbs are stative or durative: run, stretch, extend, continue, carry. The temporal use is limited to onward and forward.
常見錯誤
2. added to direction words or place nouns to form adverbs that describe movement d
往…去
朝特定目的地移動
added to direction words or place nouns to form adverbs that describe movement directed toward a specific destination, position, or area — for example, walking homeward after work, or turning eastward at the crossroads.
The children ran homeward through the park as the sun began to set.
太陽開始下山時，孩子們穿過公園跑回家。
run homeward for movement toward home
Maeve turned northward at the old stone bridge and followed the river road.
Maeve 在古老的石橋處向北轉，沿著河邊的路繼續前進。
turn + direction-ward for change of trajectory
The small boat drifted shoreward with the evening tide and hit the sand.
小船隨著傍晚的潮水漂向岸邊，擱淺在沙灘上。
Ishaan guided the sheep slowly westward toward the barn before the storm.
風暴來臨前，Ishaan 將羊群慢慢地往西引導回穀倉。
文法句型
[direction/place word] + -ward after verb of movement
用法筆記
Use with verbs of directed motion: run, walk, turn, drift, guide, move, head, sail. The destination can be a place (homeward, shoreward, landward, seaward) or a compass direction (northward, southward, eastward, westward). Distinguish from sense 1 (DIRECTIONAL EXTENT): sense 1 describes a static line or temporal continuation, while this sense describes actual movement toward a goal.
常見錯誤
ward — 人名
1. Artemas Ward (1727–1800), a senior officer in the American Continental Army duri
獨立戰爭將領
美國獨立戰爭將領，曾任大陸軍指揮官
Artemas Ward (1727–1800), a senior officer in the American Continental Army during the Revolutionary War who commanded Massachusetts forces before George Washington took charge of the whole army.
General Artemas Ward led the Massachusetts troops during the siege of Boston in 1775.
Artemas Ward 將軍在 1775 年率領麻薩諸塞州部隊參與波士頓圍城戰。
historical event: siege of Boston
A statue of Artemas Ward stands in Ward Circle in Washington, D.C.
華盛頓特區的 Ward Circle 豎立著 Artemas Ward 的雕像。
place named after the person: Ward Circle
Wren found an old letter from General Ward describing the cold winter at camp.
Wren 找到一封 General Ward 的舊信，信中描述了營地寒冷的冬天。
Artemas Ward served in the Massachusetts militia before the American Revolution began.
Artemas Ward 在美國獨立戰爭爆發前，曾任麻薩諸塞州民兵的指揮官。
A town in Massachusetts was named Ward after the general who fought for independence.
麻薩諸塞州有一個小鎮以 Ward 將軍命名，紀念他為獨立所作的貢獻。
文法句型
[full name] + lived/died/served as
General + Ward
用法筆記
Frequently referred to as 'General Ward' in historical texts about the American Revolution. Not to be confused with Montgomery Ward, the 19th-century merchant and catalog retailer.
2. Charles Farrar Browne (1834–1867), an American writer and humour lecturer who us
幽默作家
幽默作家 Artemus Ward
Charles Farrar Browne (1834–1867), an American writer and humour lecturer who used the pen name 'Artemus Ward' and became famous for comic misspellings, satirical newspaper pieces, and a speaking style that later shaped Mark Twain's career.
Linh quoted Artemus Ward's comic misspellings to show how satire worked in the 1860s.
Linh 引用 Artemus Ward 的搞笑拼寫錯誤來說明 1860 年代的諷刺手法。
literary technique: comic misspellings
Mark Twain copied Artemus Ward's storytelling style when he started giving speeches.
Mark Twain 剛開始演講時，模仿了 Artemus Ward 的說故事風格。
influence on Mark Twain
Ziad found a collection of Artemus Ward's old newspaper columns in the library.
Ziad 在圖書館找到一批 Artemus Ward 的舊報紙專欄。
Artemus Ward's real name was Charles Farrar Browne, but few readers knew that.
Artemus Ward 的本名是 Charles Farrar Browne，但很少有讀者知道這件事。
Tara read an Artemus Ward essay that made fun of politicians through fake spelling errors.
Tara 讀了一篇 Artemus Ward 的文章，他用假造的拼寫錯誤來嘲諷政治人物。
- Charles Farrar Browne
his legal name; used in formal biographical references
文法句型
[pen name] + wrote/commented/said
the humorist + [name]
用法筆記
The pen name 'Artemus Ward' is the primary name in literary discussion; the real name Charles Farrar Browne appears in biographical footnotes. His humour relies on deliberate comic misspelling (e.g. 'did you ever heer a awlfuller soun'?).
3. Barbara Ward (1914–1981), a British economist and writer who focused on internat
經濟學者
英國經濟學家，永續發展先驅
Barbara Ward (1914–1981), a British economist and writer who focused on international development and environmental protection. She was made a life peer in 1974 for her work on global poverty, and her ideas helped form the modern concept of sustainable development.
Isabela's professor called Barbara Ward a pioneer of sustainable development thinking.
Isabela 的教授稱 Barbara Ward 為永續發展思維的先驅。
role: pioneer of sustainable development
Barbara Ward advised British prime ministers on foreign policy and global poverty.
Barbara Ward 曾擔任英國首相的外交政策顧問，關注全球貧窮問題。
policy adviser role
Wren read Barbara Ward's book 'Only One Earth' for a class on the environment.
Wren 為了環境課程讀了 Barbara Ward 的著作《只有一個地球》。
Barbara Ward argued that rich nations should help poor countries grow sustainably.
Barbara Ward 主張富裕國家應協助貧窮國家以永續的方式發展。
A college in Toronto named its global-studies centre after Barbara Ward.
多倫多有一所學院將其全球研究中心命名為 Barbara Ward 中心。
- Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth
her official title; used in formal British references
文法句型
[name] + argued/wrote about
Baroness + [surname]
用法筆記
Often referred to by her full title 'Baroness Jackson of Lodsworth' in formal or British contexts. Her best-known book is 'Only One Earth' (1972), co-written with René Dubos for the UN Conference on the Human Environment.
4. Sir Joseph George Ward (1856–1930), a New Zealand politician who served as the 1
紐西蘭總理
紐西蘭第17任總理，推動社福政策
Sir Joseph George Ward (1856–1930), a New Zealand politician who served as the 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1906 to 1912 and again from 1928 to 1930. His government introduced old-age pensions and workers' compensation and worked to strengthen ties with the British Empire.
Sir Joseph Ward's government introduced old-age pensions in New Zealand.
Sir Joseph Ward 的政府在紐西蘭推行了老年年金制度。
policy: old-age pensions
During his second term, Sir Joseph Ward worked on trade deals with Canada.
Sir Joseph Ward 在第二任期內推動了與加拿大的貿易協定。
trade policy with Canada
Yael saw a portrait of Sir Joseph Ward in the New Zealand Parliament building.
Yael 在紐西蘭國會大廈看到 Sir Joseph Ward 的肖像。
Sir Joseph Ward was born in Melbourne and spent his career in New Zealand politics.
Sir Joseph Ward 出生於墨爾本，一生投入紐西蘭政治。
A statue of Sir Joseph Ward stands outside the town hall in Bluff, New Zealand.
紐西蘭布拉夫鎮的市政廳外，矗立著 Sir Joseph Ward 的雕像。
- Joseph Ward
shorter form; used in informal historical discussion
文法句型
Sir + [full name]
[name] + served as Prime Minister of
用法筆記
Always referred to with the honorific 'Sir' in formal contexts. Distinguish from his son, Joseph Ward (also a politician), who served as a cabinet minister but never as Prime Minister.
5. Mary Augusta Ward (1851–1920), an English novelist from the famous Arnold family
英國小說家
英國小說家 Mrs. H. Ward
Mary Augusta Ward (1851–1920), an English novelist from the famous Arnold family who published under the name Mrs. Humphry Ward. Her novel 'Robert Elsmere' (1888) was a bestseller that sparked public debate about religion, doubt, and social reform in Victorian England.
Wren borrowed a first edition of Mrs. Humphry Ward's novel 'Robert Elsmere' from the library.
Wren 從圖書館借出 Mrs. Humphry Ward 的小說《羅伯特·埃爾斯米爾》初版書。
notable work: 'Robert Elsmere'
Mary Augusta Ward's grandfather was Thomas Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby School.
Mary Augusta Ward 的祖父是拉格比公學校長 Thomas Arnold。
family: granddaughter of Thomas Arnold
Tariro wrote her thesis comparing Mrs. Humphry Ward's style with that of George Eliot.
Tariro 的論文比較了 Mrs. Humphry Ward 與 George Eliot 的寫作風格。
Mrs. Humphry Ward's novels often explored the conflict between faith and science.
Mrs. Humphry Ward 的小說經常探討信仰與科學之間的衝突。
In the 1890s, Mrs. Humphry Ward was one of Britain's most widely read authors.
1890 年代，Mrs. Humphry Ward 是英國最受歡迎的作家之一。
- Mrs. Humphry Ward
her professional publishing name; used in contemporary Victorian references
文法句型
Mrs. + [husband's name] + Ward
[name] + wrote/published/novel
用法筆記
Published professionally under her husband's name 'Mrs. Humphry Ward', a common practice for Victorian women writers. Modern references increasingly use her birth name 'Mary Augusta Ward'. Her novel 'Robert Elsmere' was one of the best-selling books of the 19th century.
ward — 字尾
1. added to nouns or direction words to form adjectives or adverbs that mean moving
向
加在名詞或方位詞後，表示方向
added to nouns or direction words to form adjectives or adverbs that mean moving or facing towards a specific place or direction
Ryo turned his head skyward and watched the birds fly south.
Ryo 抬起頭望向天空，看著鳥兒向南飛去。
place noun + -ward: skyward
The ship sailed eastward across the Atlantic for three weeks.
那艘船向東航行，橫跨大西洋，航行了三個星期。
direction word + -ward: eastward
Lakshmi took a quick backward step when the dog barked loudly.
狗大聲吠叫時，Lakshmi 迅速往後退了一步。
The lost hikers pressed onward through the dark forest without stopping.
迷路的登山者穿過黑暗的森林，繼續向前行進。
After the party, Tyler walked homeward along the quiet street.
派對結束後，Tyler 沿著安靜的街道走回家。
文法句型
direction word + -ward
place noun + -ward
用法筆記
In American English the final -d is kept in both adjective and adverb uses (backward, forward, homeward). In British English, -wards is often preferred for adverbs (backwards, forwards, homewards).