apartheid
apartheid — 名詞
1. the body of laws that once forced racial groups in South Africa to live, learn,
南非種族隔離
南非按種族分權的舊制度
the body of laws that once forced racial groups in South Africa to live, learn, and vote by different rules, while giving white people much greater power and opportunity
Anjali's history class studied how apartheid controlled where Black families could live.
Anjali 的歷史課研究南非種族隔離如何控制黑人家庭能住在哪裡。
how apartheid controlled where [group] could live
A museum guide showed Eitan the pass books used during apartheid.
博物館導覽員給 Eitan 看了南非種族隔離時期使用的通行證冊。
used during apartheid
After the film, Defne asked why apartheid kept children in separate schools.
看完那部電影後，Defne 問為什麼南非種族隔離讓孩子必須分校上課。
The new exhibit explains how apartheid denied most citizens the right to vote.
這個新展覽說明南非種族隔離如何剝奪多數公民的投票權。
Christopher's grandfather left Johannesburg after apartheid ruined his law career.
Christopher 的祖父在南非種族隔離毀掉他的法律工作後離開了約翰尼斯堡。
- racial segregation
broader term for separation by race; not limited to South Africa's legal system
- white-minority rule
stresses political control by a small white population rather than the full legal structure
- institutional racism
broader modern term for racist systems in institutions, not only South Africa
- integration
bringing groups together within the same schools, neighborhoods, or institutions
- equal rights
the principle that all citizens should have the same legal and political rights
用法筆記
Usually written simply as 'apartheid' when referring to South Africa's former system. Distinguish from sense 2, which extends the comparison to other systems of unequal separation.
常見錯誤
2. a system that keeps groups apart and gives one group better treatment, rights, o
隔離制度
把群體分開並差別對待的制度
a system that keeps groups apart and gives one group better treatment, rights, or chances than another
Residents called the permit scheme an apartheid that shut migrants out of the city.
居民把這套許可制度叫作一種隔離制度，因為它把移民擋在城外。
an apartheid that + verb phrase
Critics warned that separate hospital lines would create a health apartheid.
批評者警告，分開的就醫隊伍會造成一種醫療隔離制度。
create a health / digital / gender apartheid
Elena said the pay rules amounted to gender apartheid at the factory.
Elena 說這套薪資規則等於工廠裡的性別隔離制度。
The report described the internet ban as a digital apartheid in rural schools.
報告把這項網路禁令描述成鄉村學校中的數位隔離制度。
Rachid argued that the border rules created an apartheid between local workers and foreign staff.
Rachid 認為這些邊境規定在本地工人和外籍員工之間造出了一套隔離制度。
- segregation
broader and often less emotionally charged; can describe separation without the same level of inequality
- discrimination
focuses on unfair treatment itself, not the whole separating system
- exclusion
emphasises keeping people out, but not always through a full social structure
- integration
bringing groups into shared institutions and daily life
- inclusion
making sure all groups can take part on equal terms
用法筆記
Often modified by a noun such as 'gender', 'digital', or 'health' when speakers compare another unfair system to South Africa's past. The tone is strong and critical, not suitable for minor or harmless differences.