berat

berat — 名詞

1. In Ottoman Turkey and the wider Near East, an official document from a ruler — m

1.名詞
釋義

特許狀

鄂圖曼蘇丹頒發的特權證書

In Ottoman Turkey and the wider Near East, an official document from a ruler — most often the Sultan — that gives a special right, privilege, or title to a person, a family, or an institution such as a church or trading company.

例句

Sultan Mehmed II issued a berat allowing Venetian merchants to trade freely in Ottoman ports.

蘇丹穆罕默德二世頒發了一份特許狀，允許威尼斯商人在鄂圖曼港口自由貿易。

issue + berat + allowing + infinitive

The Orthodox patriarch received a berat from the Sultan that confirmed the church's ancient privileges.

那位東正教大主教從蘇丹那裡獲得了一份特許狀，確認了教會的古老特權。

receive a berat from [authority]

同義詞
  • charter

    A broader term for a written grant of rights; a berat is a specific type of charter tied to Ottoman/Near Eastern rulers.

  • firman

    Also an Ottoman decree, but a firman is any sultanic order or command, whereas a berat specifically confers a privilege or dignity.

  • patent

    In historical European usage, a patent of nobility or letters patent; comparable in function but different in cultural origin.

用法筆記

Rarely used outside historical writing about the Ottoman Empire. Distinguished from a general 'license' or 'permit' by its specific origin — a berat was issued by a sovereign (usually the Sultan) and often tied to a formal dignity or institutional privilege, not merely commercial permission.

常見錯誤

❌The city council gave him a berat to open a restaurant.
✅The Sultan issued a berat granting the monastery tax-free status.
💡A berat was a sovereign grant of privilege, not a modern business or building permit.