berm

IPA/bɜːm/
KK[bˈɚm]IPA/bɜːrm/

berm — 名詞

  • bermsingular
  • bermsplural

1. a long, low mound of earth that people build to create a boundary or to keep wat

1.名詞B2
釋義

土堤；隔離帶

用於分隔或保護的長條土坡

a long, low mound of earth that people build to create a boundary or to keep water, noise, or other unwanted things away from an area.

例句

Matthew and his father built a low earth berm to keep floodwater from their garden.

Matthew 和父親一起建造了一道低矮的土堤，防止洪水淹沒他們的花園。

earth + berm + purpose (keep…out)

A grassy berm separates the picnic tables from the parking lot at the public park.

一道長滿草的隔離帶將野餐區和市立公園的停車場分隔開來。

berm separates [area A] from [area B]

常見搭配
  • build a berm
  • grassy berm
  • earthen berm
  • berm of earth
  • berm of soil
  • noise-reduction berm
  • flood berm
同義詞
  • embankment

    larger, steeper, and usually built for roads or railways rather than landscaping.

  • mound

    more rounded on top and less flat; a mound does not have the same barrier function.

  • ridge

    longer and narrower, usually natural rather than man-made.

文法句型

berm + of + material

berm + separates/protects + area

用法筆記

Often describes a deliberately built or shaped landform for landscaping, flood defence, or noise reduction.

常見錯誤

The children played on the grassy berm of the river.
The children played on the grassy bank of the river.
A bank is the natural side of a river; a berm is a man-made raised strip, not a natural riverbank.

2. the narrow, usually unpaved strip of ground at the edge of a road, between the p

2.名詞B2
釋義

路肩

道路旁未鋪砌的狹長地帶

the narrow, usually unpaved strip of ground at the edge of a road, between the paved surface and the ditch or fence.

例句

Omar pulled his car onto the dirt berm when the engine made a strange noise.

Omar 的引擎發出怪聲時，他將車子開到泥土路肩上停了下來。

pull onto the berm (emergency stopping)

The narrow gravel berm beside the country road was covered with yellow wildflowers.

鄉間小路旁狹窄的碎石路肩上覆滿了黃色的野花。

常見搭配
  • dirt berm
  • gravel berm
  • grassy berm
  • sandy berm
  • pull onto the berm
  • edge of the berm
  • road berm
同義詞
  • shoulder

    standard American English term; can be paved or unpaved.

  • verge

    British English term for a grass strip beside a road, often wider than a berm.

  • hard shoulder

    paved emergency lane on a motorway, not the same as an unpaved berm.

文法句型

pull onto the berm

on the berm

along the berm

用法筆記

Common in American English for the unpaved shoulder of a road. In British English, 'verge' is more frequently used for a grass strip beside a road.

常見錯誤

He stopped the car on the berm of the highway.
He pulled the car onto the shoulder of the highway.
On a paved highway with a hard shoulder, 'berm' usually refers to an unpaved dirt or gravel strip, not the paved emergency lane.

3. a narrow, flat ledge of ground on a sloping surface, located near the top or clo

3.名詞C1
釋義

坡沿；臺地

斜坡頂部或底部的狹窄平地

a narrow, flat ledge of ground on a sloping surface, located near the top or close to the base of a bank, canal, hill, or embankment.

例句

The hikers stopped to rest on a flat berm halfway up the steep mountain trail.

登山者在陡峭山路中途的一處平坦坡沿上停下來休息。

berm as rest point on mountain trail

A narrow berm at the canal base stopped floodwater from reaching the nearby fields.

運河底部的一道狹窄坡沿擋住了洪水，使其無法淹沒附近的田地。

常見搭配
  • narrow berm
  • flat berm
  • wide berm
  • rocky berm
  • dirt berm
  • at the top of the berm
  • at the base of
  • canal berm
  • railway berm
同義詞
  • ledge

    narrower and rockier, usually projecting from a cliff or rock face rather than a grass or earth slope.

  • shelf

    more horizontal and often smaller, used mainly in geology for rock formations.

  • terrace

    larger and more level, often used for farming or walking on a hillside.

文法句型

berm + at the top/bottom of + slope/bank

berm + along + canal/hill

用法筆記

Frequently used in descriptions of canal banks, railway cuttings, coastal defences, and landscaping where a level surface is created on a slope.

常見搭配

名詞搭配

  • berm of earth
  • berm of soil
  • berm of sand
  • berm of gravel

常用片語

  • build a berm
  • create a berm
  • shape a berm
  • grassy berm
  • dirt berm
  • gravel berm
  • narrow berm
  • wide berm
  • low berm
  • tall berm

介系詞搭配

  • on the berm
  • along the berm
  • onto the berm
  • at the top/bottom of the berm
  • beside the berm