cognitively
cognitively — 副詞
1. in a way that relates to the brain's mental activities, such as understanding, l
認知上
與思考或理解等心智活動相關地
in a way that relates to the brain's mental activities, such as understanding, learning, remembering, and solving problems
Playing chess is a cognitively demanding activity that exercises memory and planning skills.
下棋是一種認知上要求很高的活動，能鍛鍊記憶力和規劃能力。
collocation: cognitively demanding
The doctor said Grandfather was still sharp cognitively, even at ninety-two years old.
醫生說祖父在認知上依然敏銳，即使他已經九十二歲了。
Wei found the new engineering job more cognitively challenging than his old office position.
Wei 發現新的工程工作比舊的辦公室職位在認知上更具挑戰性。
The test measured how children develop cognitively between the ages of four and seven.
這項測試測量了兒童在四歲到七歲之間的認知發展狀況。
Learning a second language keeps the brain active cognitively and may help delay memory loss.
學習第二語言能讓大腦在認知上保持活躍，可能有助於延緩記憶力減退。
- mentally
broader — includes emotions; 'cognitively' is specific to thinking and reasoning
- intellectually
focuses on formal academic reasoning rather than all mental processes
cognitively — 形容詞
1. relating to the mental process of knowing, understanding, learning, and remember
認知的
涉及思考、理解等心智活動的
relating to the mental process of knowing, understanding, learning, and remembering things
The study examined cognitive abilities in children who started reading at age four.
這項研究探討了四歲開始閱讀的兒童的認知能力。
collocation: cognitive abilities
As people age, some cognitive functions like memory and attention may become slower.
隨著年齡增長，記憶力和注意力等認知功能可能會變慢。
collocation: cognitive functions
Dr. Amara specializes in cognitive psychology, studying how the brain processes information.
Amara 醫師專攻認知心理學，研究大腦如何處理資訊。
Playing puzzles can help improve a young child's cognitive development and problem-solving ability.
玩拼圖有助於促進幼兒的認知發展和解決問題的能力。
- mental
broader — includes emotional and psychological aspects, not just thinking
- intellectual
focuses on academic or learned knowledge rather than innate thinking processes
- emotional
relates to feelings rather than thinking
用法筆記
'Cognitive' refers to the brain's internal processes of knowing and thinking, while 'intellectual' relates more to the content of knowledge or academic pursuits. 'Mental' is broader and includes emotions.
常見錯誤
2. based on information gained through direct observation, measurement, or experien
實證的
基於可直接觀察之事實的
based on information gained through direct observation, measurement, or experience, rather than on feelings or personal opinions
The philosopher argued that only cognitive claims based on observation can be scientifically tested.
這位哲學家主張，唯有基於觀察的實證主張才能接受科學檢驗。
formal/epistemological sense: cognitive claims
In the experiment, cognitive knowledge came from measurable data rather than the participants' feelings.
在實驗中，實證知識來自可測量的數據，而非受試者的感受。
The report separates cognitive information, which can be proven, from personal opinions and guesses.
這份報告將可被證明的實證資訊與個人意見和猜測區分開來。
The scientist said the theory had no cognitive evidence that other labs could confirm.
這位科學家表示，該理論沒有其他實驗室可以確認的實證證據。
- empirical
directly interchangeable in this sense; 'empirical' is more common
- observable
focuses on what can be seen rather than on the process of knowing
- factual
more general; implies truth rather than the method of verification
- intuitive
based on instinct or feeling rather than observation
- subjective
based on personal feelings rather than objective facts
用法筆記
This is a narrower, more technical sense of 'cognitive' used mainly in philosophy and formal scientific writing. In everyday English, the MENTAL PROCESSES sense is far more common.