crammed
crammed — 形容詞
1. so full of people or things that there is no room to move or add anything else
擠滿的
人或物塞滿而無空位的
so full of people or things that there is no room to move or add anything else
The morning train was crammed with passengers standing shoulder to shoulder.
早上的火車擠滿了乘客，大家肩並肩站著。
crammed with + noun phrase for what fills the space
Mei-Lin opened the suitcase and found it crammed with summer clothes she had forgotten.
Mei-Lin 打開行李箱，發現裡面塞滿了她忘記的夏季衣物。
The tiny flat felt so crammed that Wei decided to sell half of his furniture.
那間小公寓感覺太擠了，Wei 決定賣掉一半家具。
Every bookshelf in the library was crammed with old volumes dating back a century.
圖書館的每個書架都塞滿了百年歷史的舊書。
文法句型
be + crammed with [people/things]
用法筆記
Frequently used in the pattern 'crammed with + noun' to specify what fills the space. Can describe both physical spaces and abstract containers like schedules or programmes.
常見錯誤
crammed — 名詞
1. a very tight mass of people or objects pressed against each other with little or
擁擠的人群
緊緊擠在一起的人群或物品
a very tight mass of people or objects pressed against each other with little or no space in between
A cram of tourists blocked the entrance to the small museum.
一大群遊客擠在小博物館的入口處。
a cram of [group noun] — describes a tightly packed crowd
The rush-hour train carried a solid cram of tired office workers each evening.
通勤尖峰時間的火車每晚載著擠得滿滿的疲憊上班族。
Fatima pushed through the cram of bodies near the stage to get a better view.
Fatima 推開舞台附近擠成一團的人群，想找個更好的視野。
Inside the storage room there was a cram of old chairs, boxes, and broken lamps.
儲藏室裡塞滿了舊椅子、箱子和壞掉的燈具。
文法句型
a cram of [people/things]
用法筆記
Rare in everyday speech compared to the verb forms. Writers typically use 'crowd' or 'throng' instead. More often found in descriptive or literary writing than casual conversation.
2. a short period of very hard studying, usually done just before an examination or
惡補；抱佛腳
考前短時間密集學習
a short period of very hard studying, usually done just before an examination or test
Arjun pulled an all-night cram before the physics final and barely passed.
Arjun 在物理期末考前熬夜惡補，勉強及格。
informal: 'pull an all-night cram' — last-minute exam prep
The week before exams was nothing but non-stop cram for every student in the dorm.
考試前一週，宿舍裡的每個學生都在不斷地臨時抱佛腳。
Nguyen did a quick vocabulary cram on the bus ride to the language test.
Nguyen 在前往語言測驗的公車上惡補了幾個單字。
Sofia found that last-minute cram helped her remember the key formulas for the math exam.
Sofia 發現考前臨時抱佛腳有助於記住數學考試的關鍵公式。
- cramming
the activity itself, more common as a noun than 'cram'
文法句型
a cram
last-minute cram
用法筆記
Used informally, this noun often forms phrases like 'cram session' or 'cram school'. The verb form 'cram' (sense 2 of verb) is more common than the noun. 'Cram' as a noun typically appears in the singular and often combines with 'all-night', 'last-minute', or 'quick'.
常見錯誤
crammed — 動詞
1. to push or force someone or something into a container or space that seems too s
塞入；擠入
用力把東西塞進狹小空間
to push or force someone or something into a container or space that seems too small to hold them
Kwame crammed all his camping gear into one backpack for the weekend trip.
Kwame 把所有露營裝備硬塞進一個背包，準備週末出遊。
cram + object + into [container]
The theatre staff crammed extra chairs onto the balcony to seat the late arrivals.
劇院的工作人員在陽台區加塞了幾張椅子，讓晚到的觀眾有座位。
cram + object + onto [surface]
Twenty guests were crammed around a table designed for eight people.
二十位客人被擠在一張只能坐八個人的桌子旁。
Emma tried to cram a week's worth of sightseeing into a single afternoon in Paris.
Emma 想把一週的觀光行程壓縮進巴黎的一個下午裡。
Diego crammed the last sandwich into his mouth and ran for the bus.
Diego 把最後一塊三明治塞進嘴裡，然後衝向公車。
- empty
remove everything from a container
- spread out
place things with space between them
文法句型
cram + object + into/onto [space]
be + crammed into/onto [space]
用法筆記
The pattern 'cram into' is the most common for physical objects. The passive form ('be crammed') is frequently used when the focus is on the space rather than the person doing the filling. Can be used figuratively for time ('cram activities into a day') or information ('cram facts into one's head').
常見錯誤
2. to study a lot in a very short time, especially just before an examination, tryi
惡補；臨時抱佛腳
考前短時間大量學習
to study a lot in a very short time, especially just before an examination, trying to remember as much information as possible
Lucia spent the whole weekend cramming for her biology exam on Monday morning.
Lucia 整個週末都在為週一的生物考試惡補。
cram for [exam name]
The students were cramming for their final exams in the library until midnight.
學生們在圖書館裡為期末考臨時抱佛腳，一直讀到半夜。
Hana crammed for the driving test by watching tutorial videos all night.
Hana 整晚看教學影片，臨時惡補駕照筆試。
Jack knew he should have studied all term, but instead he crammed the night before.
Jack 知道應該整個學期都用功讀書，但他卻在前一晚才臨時抱佛腳。
Rather than cramming the night before the exam, Amara asked her teacher to explain difficult topics.
與其考試前一晚臨時抱佛腳，Amara 請老師解釋困難的內容。
- learn gradually
study steadily over time rather than all at once
文法句型
cram for [exam/test]
用法筆記
Always intransitive in this sense — you cannot 'cram an exam'. You 'cram for an exam' or just 'cram' when the exam is clear from context. Often carries a mildly negative connotation, suggesting the student has not prepared steadily throughout the term.