end-to-end

/ˌend.tuːˈend/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌend.tuːˈend/ (ame, ipa)

end-to-end — 形容詞

1. covering every stage of a connected process, from the first step through the fin

1.形容詞B2
釋義

全流程的

從開始到結束都涵蓋的

covering every stage of a connected process, from the first step through the final result.

例句

Rafael mapped the end-to-end booking process before the hotel reopened.

Rafael 在旅館重新開張前，先畫出了全流程的訂房流程圖。

end-to-end + process across all stages

The manager wants end-to-end testing before customers use the payment app.

經理希望先做全流程的測試，再讓顧客使用這個付款 app。

collocation: end-to-end testing

同義詞
  • comprehensive

    emphasizes broad coverage, but not always the full sequence of stages

  • full-cycle

    close in business use and stresses the complete life of a process

  • start-to-finish

    more general and slightly less technical in tone

反義詞
  • partial

    covers only some stages rather than the whole chain

  • step-specific

    focuses on one stage instead of the entire workflow

文法句型

end-to-end process

end-to-end testing

end-to-end service

用法筆記

Usually comes before nouns such as process, system, test, or service. Use it when several linked stages are included, not when you mean only one isolated step.

常見錯誤

❌We fixed one button with an end-to-end update.
✅We fixed one button with a small update.
💡end-to-end is used for a whole connected process, not one tiny part.

2. describing a digital system where a message stays readable only to the sender an

2.形容詞C1
釋義

端到端的

僅通訊雙方可讀訊息的

describing a digital system where a message stays readable only to the sender and receiver, not to the service in between.

例句

Kabir enabled end-to-end encryption before sharing the contract on his phone.

Kabir 在手機上分享合約前，先啟用了端到端加密。

collocation: end-to-end encryption

The app now offers end-to-end protection for messages between doctors and patients.

這個 app 現在提供醫師與病人訊息之間的端到端保護。

message security between two users

同義詞
  • encrypted

    broader, because not all encrypted systems are protected all the way between users

  • private

    less technical and does not itself explain how the privacy is achieved

  • secure

    very broad and can refer to many kinds of protection besides message privacy

反義詞
  • unencrypted

    describes messages that can be read without this protection

  • open

    suggests that access is not restricted to the two people communicating

文法句型

end-to-end encryption

end-to-end security

end-to-end channel

用法筆記

Most often modifies nouns such as encryption, security, chat, or channel. It emphasizes that intermediaries can carry the message but cannot read its content.

常見錯誤

❌The platform read our end-to-end messages.
✅The platform stored our messages, but end-to-end security meant it could not read them.
💡this term means the service in the middle cannot read the content.

end-to-end — 慣用語