excess
excess — 形容詞
- excesspositive
- more excesscomparative
- most excesssuperlative
1. describes something that exists in an amount larger than what is normal, necessa
過多的；額外
超出正常或所需數量的
describes something that exists in an amount larger than what is normal, necessary, or wanted — for example, charging for an extra suitcase or having body weight that is not healthy.
The airline charged Ingrid £55 for her excess luggage at the airport counter.
航空公司向 Ingrid 收取了 55 英鎊的超重行李費。
collocation: excess luggage / excess baggage
After the wedding, Shirin packed the excess food into boxes for guests to take home.
婚禮結束後，Shirin 把多餘的食物裝進盒子讓客人帶回家。
Doctors told Ravindra that his excess weight strained his knees and heart.
醫生警告 Ravindra，體重過重對他的膝蓋和心臟造成了很大負擔。
The factory stored its excess inventory in a rented warehouse outside the city.
工廠把多餘的庫存存放在市郊的一間租用倉庫裡。
- insufficient
not enough to meet a need, the opposite of having too much
- inadequate
less than what is required or desired
文法句型
excess + noun
用法筆記
Used only before a noun (attributive position). You cannot say 'The luggage is excess' — instead say 'The luggage is in excess' or 'There is excess luggage.'
常見錯誤
excess — 名詞
1. a quantity of something that is greater than what people consider normal, accept
過量；過多
超出正常可接受範圍的數量
a quantity of something that is greater than what people consider normal, acceptable, or permitted — often used when warning about the negative effects of having too much of something.
An excess of salt in your diet can cause high blood pressure over time.
飲食中的鹽分過量長期下來會導致高血壓。
pattern: an excess of + noun
The company produced an excess of cars that nobody wanted to buy.
該公司生產了過多的汽車，以至於沒人想買。
Eitan donated his excess of winter coats to a charity that helps homeless people.
Eitan 把他多餘的冬季外套捐給了幫助遊民的慈善機構。
The building project will cost in excess of two million dollars, according to Lotte's estimate.
根據 Lotte 的估算，這項建築工程的費用將超過兩百萬美元。
文法句型
an/the excess of + noun
in excess of + quantity
用法筆記
The fixed phrase 'in excess of' is formal and is used before numbers or quantities to mean 'more than.' It is common in financial, legal, and academic writing.
常見錯誤
2. conduct in which a person overindulges in pleasurable activities — such as heavy
過度；放縱
超出合理限度的享樂行為
conduct in which a person overindulges in pleasurable activities — such as heavy drinking, eating, or spending — to the point of harming their health, finances, or relationships.
Heloísa's friends worried about her excess in drinking at every party they attended.
Heloísa 的朋友擔心她在每次聚會上都飲酒過度。
pattern: excess in + gerund/noun
The documentary shows how a life of excess ruined the careers of several famous musicians.
這部紀錄片呈現了放縱的生活如何毀掉幾位知名音樂人的事業。
After years of excess, the actor entered a rehabilitation programme to recover his health.
經過多年的放縱生活，那位演員終於進入康復中心調養身體。
Aoi drank to excess at the company dinner and regretted it the next morning.
Aoi 在公司晚宴上飲酒過量，第二天早上後悔不已。
- overindulgence
more specific to consumption of food, drink, or pleasure; 'excess' is broader
- extravagance
focuses on wasteful spending rather than general overdoing of an activity
- intemperance
formal and moralistic; suggests a lack of self-control in drinking or eating
- moderation
the practice of keeping within reasonable limits
- restraint
the quality of controlling one's own behaviour
文法句型
excess in + noun/gerund
to excess
用法筆記
This sense is often used in the plural form 'excesses' to refer to specific acts of extreme behaviour, as in 'the excesses of the aristocracy.' It appears frequently in formal writing, historical texts, and literary criticism.
常見錯誤
3. the fixed amount of money that a person must contribute when making an insurance
自付額；墊底
保險理賠中由被保人負擔的部分
the fixed amount of money that a person must contribute when making an insurance claim, before the insurance company covers the remaining cost of the loss or damage.
Lakan had to pay a £300 excess before the insurance company repaired his car.
Lakan 必須先支付 300 英鎊的自付額，保險公司才理賠他的汽車修理費用。
pattern: pay + [amount] + excess
When choosing home insurance, a higher excess usually means a lower monthly premium.
選擇房屋保險時，自付額越高通常每月保費就越低。
Nia checked her travel policy to learn the excess for lost luggage.
Nia 查看了她的旅遊保單，想知道行李遺失需要支付多少墊底費。
The plumber's bill was under the excess, so Ignacio paid out of pocket.
水電工的修理費比自付額還低，所以 Ignacio 自己付了錢，沒有申請理賠。
- deductible
the American English equivalent; identical in meaning but used in different regions
文法句型
pay an excess
excess on + policy
用法筆記
This sense is primarily British English. In American English, the same concept is called a 'deductible.' The term 'excess' is standard in UK, Australian, and New Zealand insurance policies.
常見錯誤
excess — 動詞
- excesspresent simple I / you / we / they
- excesses3rd person singular
- excessing-ing form
- excessedpast simple
1. when a company removes a person from their job by eliminating that position enti
裁撤；資遣
因裁撤職位而解僱員工
when a company removes a person from their job by eliminating that position entirely, typically as part of a restructuring or cost-cutting plan rather than for poor performance.
Christopher was excessed from his management role when the department was merged with another team.
Christopher 的管理職位在部門合併後被裁撤了。
passive: be excessed from + role
The school board excessed three teachers after the budget cuts forced them to reduce staff.
預算刪減迫使校董會縮減人手，裁撤了三名教師。
active: excess + [person] + from [position]
Eve was excessed along with fifteen other employees when the factory moved its operations overseas.
工廠將營運移往海外時，Eve 和其他十五名員工一同被資遣。
After the merger, the company excessed several managers whose roles no longer existed.
合併之後，公司裁撤了數名職位已不存在的經理。
- lay off
more common in everyday speech; can be temporary or permanent
- make redundant
the British English equivalent; broader usage across UK employment contexts
文法句型
be excessed + from + position/company
用法筆記
This verb is rare and mostly used in US legal, educational, and corporate contexts. It differs from 'fire' because it implies the position itself was eliminated, not that the person performed poorly. The passive form ('be excessed') is far more common than the active form.