deficit
/ˈdefɪsɪt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈdefɪsɪt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈde-fə-sət British also di-ˈfi-sət or ˈdē-fə-sət/ (ame, mw)
deficit — 名詞
- deficitsingular
- deficitsplural
1. the situation in which the money spent by a government, company, or organization
赤字；虧損
支出超過收入的差額
the situation in which the money spent by a government, company, or organization is more than the money it receives over a set period of time
Sofia noted that the government announced a budget deficit of fifty billion dollars this year.
Sofia 指出政府今年宣布了五百億美元的預算赤字。
collocation: budget deficit
Sahil's small business ran a deficit for six months before turning a profit.
Sahil 的小公司連續六個月出現虧損，之後才開始獲利。
collocation: run a deficit
The trade deficit between the two countries has grown as imports rose faster than exports.
兩國之間的貿易逆差隨著進口增長快於出口而擴大。
To reduce the deficit, the city council decided to raise taxes and cut programs.
為了減少赤字，市議會決定提高稅收並削減計畫。
- surplus
the amount by which income exceeds spending
文法句型
deficit + of + amount
run a deficit
in deficit
用法筆記
Often used with the verb 'run' ('run a deficit') and the preposition 'in' ('in deficit'). Frequently modified by adjectives such as 'budget,' 'trade,' or 'fiscal.'
常見錯誤
2. the number of points or goals that a player or team trails an opponent by during
落後分數
比賽中落後的差距
the number of points or goals that a player or team trails an opponent by during a match or sporting contest
Kwame watched the basketball team overcome a twelve-point deficit in the final quarter.
Kwame 看著籃球隊在最後一節克服了十二分的落後差距。
collocation: overcome a deficit
After the first half, the visiting team faced a three-goal deficit they could not close.
上半場結束後，客隊面臨三球的落後，未能追上。
Rania knew a two-stroke deficit on the final day would be hard to make up.
Rania 知道在最後一天落後兩桿是很難追回的。
The home team had never recovered from such a large deficit in any previous match.
主隊在過去的任何比賽中都從未從這麼大的落後中逆轉。
- disadvantage
more general; not tied to sports scoring
- gap
informal; describes the difference but not the trailing position specifically
- lead
the amount by which a team or player is ahead
文法句型
deficit + of + number
overcome a deficit
make up a deficit
用法筆記
Common collocations include 'overcome a deficit,' 'make up a deficit,' and 'come back from a deficit.' Usually appears with a number (e.g., 'a 5-point deficit'). The opposite concept is a 'lead.'
常見錯誤
3. a weakness or lack in a physical or mental function that prevents normal operati
功能缺陷
身體或心智功能的欠缺
a weakness or lack in a physical or mental function that prevents normal operation, often resulting from injury or a medical condition
After the stroke, Adina had a speech deficit that required months of therapy.
中風之後，Adina 出現了言語障礙，需要數月的治療。
collocation: speech deficit
Hui learned that children with an attention deficit often struggle to focus in noisy classrooms.
Hui 了解到有注意力缺陷的兒童在吵鬧的教室裡常常難以專心。
The doctor explained that Christopher's memory deficit came from a head injury last year.
醫生說明 Christopher 的記憶力缺陷是去年頭部外傷造成的。
After six weeks of therapy, Jenna recovered from a mobility deficit in her left leg.
經過六週的治療後，Jenna 的左腿活動功能已恢復正常。
- impairment
more formal and clinical; suggests a more serious or permanent condition
- disorder
implies a diagnosed medical condition rather than a measured gap in ability
- deficiency
often used for lacking a substance or quality rather than a functional ability
文法句型
attention deficit
speech deficit
memory deficit
用法筆記
Most common in medical and psychological contexts. Frequently appears as part of compound terms naming the affected ability: 'attention deficit,' 'speech deficit,' 'cognitive deficit.' The term 'deficit' in this sense is more clinical than 'problem' or 'issue.'