deficit

IPA/ˈdefɪsɪt/
KK[dˈɛfəsət]IPA/ˈdefɪsɪt/

deficit — 名詞

  • deficitsingular
  • deficitsplural

1. the situation in which the money spent by a government, company, or organization

1.名詞B2
釋義

赤字；虧損

支出超過收入的差額

the situation in which the money spent by a government, company, or organization is more than the money it receives over a set period of time

例句

Sofia noted that the government announced a budget deficit of fifty billion dollars this year.

Sofia 指出政府今年宣布了五百億美元的預算赤字。

collocation: budget deficit

Sahil's small business ran a deficit for six months before turning a profit.

Sahil 的小公司連續六個月出現虧損，之後才開始獲利。

collocation: run a deficit

常見搭配
  • budget deficit
  • trade deficit
  • fiscal deficit
  • run a deficit
  • in deficit
  • reduce the deficit
  • narrow the deficit
同義詞
  • shortfall

    broader; applies to any resource gap, not just money

  • loss

    describes money already gone rather than a calculated gap

  • debt

    the total amount owed, not the annual shortfall

反義詞
  • surplus

    the amount by which income exceeds spending

文法句型

deficit + of + amount

run a deficit

in deficit

用法筆記

Often used with the verb 'run' ('run a deficit') and the preposition 'in' ('in deficit'). Frequently modified by adjectives such as 'budget,' 'trade,' or 'fiscal.'

常見錯誤

The national debt this year is two hundred billion' (when meaning the annual shortfall).
The national deficit this year is two hundred billion.
Deficit is the annual difference; debt is the total accumulated amount owed over time.

2. the number of points or goals that a player or team trails an opponent by during

2.名詞B2
釋義

落後分數

比賽中落後的差距

the number of points or goals that a player or team trails an opponent by during a match or sporting contest

例句

Kwame watched the basketball team overcome a twelve-point deficit in the final quarter.

Kwame 看著籃球隊在最後一節克服了十二分的落後差距。

collocation: overcome a deficit

After the first half, the visiting team faced a three-goal deficit they could not close.

上半場結束後，客隊面臨三球的落後，未能追上。

常見搭配
  • overcome a deficit
  • make up a deficit
  • face a deficit
  • a point deficit
  • a goal deficit
  • recover from a deficit
同義詞
  • disadvantage

    more general; not tied to sports scoring

  • gap

    informal; describes the difference but not the trailing position specifically

反義詞
  • lead

    the amount by which a team or player is ahead

文法句型

deficit + of + number

overcome a deficit

make up a deficit

用法筆記

Common collocations include 'overcome a deficit,' 'make up a deficit,' and 'come back from a deficit.' Usually appears with a number (e.g., 'a 5-point deficit'). The opposite concept is a 'lead.'

常見錯誤

Our team had a three-point debt going into the final quarter.
Our team had a three-point deficit going into the final quarter.
Use 'deficit,' not 'debt,' for being behind in a game.

3. a weakness or lack in a physical or mental function that prevents normal operati

3.名詞C1
釋義

功能缺陷

身體或心智功能的欠缺

a weakness or lack in a physical or mental function that prevents normal operation, often resulting from injury or a medical condition

例句

After the stroke, Adina had a speech deficit that required months of therapy.

中風之後，Adina 出現了言語障礙，需要數月的治療。

collocation: speech deficit

Hui learned that children with an attention deficit often struggle to focus in noisy classrooms.

Hui 了解到有注意力缺陷的兒童在吵鬧的教室裡常常難以專心。

常見搭配
  • attention deficit
  • speech deficit
  • memory deficit
  • cognitive deficit
  • mobility deficit
同義詞
  • impairment

    more formal and clinical; suggests a more serious or permanent condition

  • disorder

    implies a diagnosed medical condition rather than a measured gap in ability

  • deficiency

    often used for lacking a substance or quality rather than a functional ability

文法句型

attention deficit

speech deficit

memory deficit

用法筆記

Most common in medical and psychological contexts. Frequently appears as part of compound terms naming the affected ability: 'attention deficit,' 'speech deficit,' 'cognitive deficit.' The term 'deficit' in this sense is more clinical than 'problem' or 'issue.'

常見錯誤

He has a speaking debt after the surgery.
He has a speech deficit after the surgery.
For ability problems, use 'deficit,' not 'debt.'

同根字

常見搭配

名詞搭配

  • budget deficit
  • trade deficit
  • fiscal deficit
  • deficit spending

副詞搭配

常用片語

  • run a deficit
  • reduce the deficit
  • narrow the deficit
  • overcome a deficit
  • make up a deficit

介系詞搭配

  • in deficit
  • deficit of