firsthand
firsthand — 副詞
1. in a way that allows you to see, hear, or experience something directly through
親身；直接
親自經歷而非聽說的
in a way that allows you to see, hear, or experience something directly through your own involvement, rather than learning about it from someone else's description
Mei learned about the company's problems firsthand when she joined the finance team.
Mei 加入財務團隊後，親身體會到公司存在的問題。
experience/learn/know firsthand with personal experience
A young journalist reported firsthand from the refugee camp in eastern Chad.
一位年輕記者從查德東部的難民營進行第一手報導。
report firsthand from [location]
Diego experienced culture shock firsthand during his first month living in Cairo.
Diego 在開羅生活的第一個月，親身經歷了文化衝擊。
Dr. Okafor witnessed firsthand how quickly the disease spread through the village.
Okafor 醫生親眼目睹疾病在村莊中傳播的速度有多快。
The students saw firsthand what happens when a forest is destroyed by fire.
學生們親眼見證了森林遭大火摧毀的後果。
- directly
more general and common; 'firsthand' emphasizes personal witnessing while 'directly' can mean without intermediaries in general
- personally
emphasizes the individual's own role; slightly less common with perceptual verbs
- from personal experience
explanatory phrase used in informal contexts
- secondhand
through someone else's account rather than your own experience
- indirectly
through intermediaries or from a distance
用法筆記
Often paired with verbs of perception or experience: see, witness, experience, learn, know, observe. The adverb typically follows the verb directly with no intervening comma.
常見錯誤
firsthand — 形容詞
- firsthandpositive
- more firsthandcomparative
- most firsthandsuperlative
1. acquired through your own direct participation in an event or situation, not thr
第一手的
親自獲得而非轉述的
acquired through your own direct participation in an event or situation, not through descriptions given by others — such as a report written by an eyewitness, or knowledge gained by living through an experience personally
The documentary gave a firsthand account of daily life inside the Zaatari refugee camp.
這部紀錄片第一手呈現了 Zaatari 難民營的日常生活。
firsthand account of [topic]
Linh's firsthand knowledge of Korean customs helped avoid embarrassing mistakes at the conference.
Linh 對韓國文化的第一手知識，幫助團隊在會議上避免尷尬錯誤。
firsthand knowledge of [topic]
The judge insisted on firsthand evidence rather than secondhand witness statements.
法官堅持要有直接證據，而非轉述的證人陳述。
After months in the drought zone, aid workers gained firsthand experience of the crisis.
在乾旱地區工作數月後，援助人員對這場危機有了第一手經驗。
The nurse's firsthand observation of the patient's symptoms helped the doctor reach a diagnosis.
護理師對病患症狀的第一手觀察，協助醫師做出了診斷。
- direct
more general; 'direct' covers any kind of unmediated contact, while 'firsthand' specifically means you yourself were present
- personal
emphasizes the individual's own role; 'personal experience' is more natural than 'personal account'
- original
focuses on the source being the first in a chain; used more for documents and sources
- secondhand
received through an intermediary rather than directly
- indirect
not directly connected; from a distant or mediated source
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively before nouns (attributive position). Unlike many adjectives, 'firsthand' rarely follows linking verbs (− 'the account is firsthand' is much less natural than 'a firsthand account'). Object nouns are typically types of information or experience: account, knowledge, evidence, experience, report, observation.