flow line
flow line — 名詞
1. a visible band, streak, or texture difference in a rock or metal that shows the
流紋；流線
岩石或金屬中的流動方向紋理
a visible band, streak, or texture difference in a rock or metal that shows the direction in which the material moved while it was still soft and capable of flowing.
The geologist traced the flow lines in the granite to see how the magma moved.
地質學家追蹤花崗岩中的流紋，想了解岩漿當時的移動方向。
flow lines in [rock type] — geology context
Sade noticed that the flow lines in the obsidian all curved toward the same direction.
Sade 注意到黑曜石中的流紋全都彎向同一個方向。
Flow lines in wrought iron show the blacksmith worked the metal while hot.
鍛鐵上的流紋顯示鐵匠是在高溫下鍛造金屬的。
flow lines in [metal] — metallurgy context
These flow lines in the volcanic rock show how ancient lava moved across the land.
火山岩中的這些流紋顯示了古老熔岩流過陸地的路徑。
The engineer examined the flow lines on the metal surface to check for hidden weaknesses.
工程師檢查了金屬表面的流紋，以找出是否有潛在的結構弱點。
- trace flow lines
- follow flow lines
- flow lines in [rock/metal]
- curved flow lines
- visible flow lines
- flow banding
a more specific term for layered colour or texture differences in volcanic rocks; 'flow line' is broader
- grain line
used mainly for metals and wood; 'flow line' specifically implies the material was in a plastic state
- fluidal structure
a formal synonym in petrology for flow-related textures in igneous rocks
用法筆記
Common in geology for igneous rocks and in metallurgy for forged or rolled metals. The patterns are visible to the naked eye or under low magnification.
常見錯誤
2. a pipe, tube, or open channel that conveys a liquid, typically relying on gravit
排水管；流管
靠重力輸送液體的管道
a pipe, tube, or open channel that conveys a liquid, typically relying on gravity rather than pumped pressure to move the water or other fluid.
The flow line carried rainwater from the roof down to the underground storage tank.
這條排水管將屋頂的雨水引到地下的儲水槽。
flow line carries [liquid] — conveys by gravity
Meera checked that the flow line was clear of leaves before the rainy season.
Meera 在雨季來臨前檢查了排水管，確認裡面沒有樹葉堵塞。
In the old factory, the flow lines were clay pipes laid below the floor.
在老工廠裡，導流管是用陶管做的，鋪設在地板下方。
A blocked flow line caused the wastewater to back up and flood the basement.
一條排水管堵塞，導致廢水倒灌，淹沒了地下室。
blocked flow line — common failure scenario
The system used flow lines instead of pressurised pipes to save energy.
這套系統使用導流管而非加壓管道，以節省能源。
flow lines vs. pressurised pipes — contrastive example
- blocked flow line
- flow line carries [liquid]
- clear a flow line
- clay flow line
- install a flow line
- drainage pipe
more specific — a flow line is not always a drain; it could bring water to a tank
- gravity pipe
emphasises the lack of pumping; more technical
- channel
broader term; a flow line is a type of channel
- pressurised pipe
a pipe that moves liquid under pump pressure, unlike a flow line
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (geology) and sense 3 (coin-making): this engineering sense always refers to a physical conduit. Frequently found in civil engineering, irrigation, and drainage contexts. The pipe may be open or closed but operates at or near atmospheric pressure.
常見錯誤
3. one of the very fine, hair-like markings that appear on a struck coin's face whe
鑄造紋
硬幣表面的金屬流動細紋
one of the very fine, hair-like markings that appear on a struck coin's face when the metal spreads outward as the die presses the metal blank during minting.
A magnifying glass shows the flow lines running outward from the coin's centre.
用放大鏡就能看到硬幣表面從中心向外輻射的鑄造紋。
flow lines on a coin revealed by magnification
Karim showed the class how flow lines form when the die strikes the coin blank.
Karim 向全班示範了金屬胚片被模具衝壓時，鑄造紋是如何形成的。
Collectors look for flow lines as evidence that a coin was minted rather than cast.
收藏家會尋找鑄造紋，以判斷硬幣是機器壓鑄的，而非澆鑄而成。
flow lines as evidence of minting vs. casting
The flow lines on this silver dollar are still visible after a hundred years.
這枚銀元上的鑄造紋經過一百年仍然清晰可見。
Flow lines on the penny spread like tiny rivers under a desk lamp.
在檯燈下，那枚便士上的鑄造紋像細小的河流般散開。
- visible flow lines
- flow lines run outward
- flow lines on a coin
- authentic flow lines
- raised flow lines
- metal flow line
same concept, sometimes used with 'metal' to distinguish from other senses
- striation
a general term for fine lines on a surface; less specific to coin-making
用法筆記
Only applies to struck (hammered or pressed) coins, not to cast coins. Flow lines are a normal result of the minting process and are considered a mark of authenticity for older coins.