fluctuations
fluctuations — 名詞
- fluctuationssingular
- fluctuationsesplural
1. Repeated and often unpredictable changes in the amount, level, or quality of som
波動
價格、情緒等反覆變化
Repeated and often unpredictable changes in the amount, level, or quality of something — for example, the price of oil moving up and down over several weeks, or someone's feelings shifting between happiness and sadness.
Asher checked the stock prices every morning, tracking the market fluctuations over the past month.
Asher 每天早上查看股價，追蹤過去一個月的市場波動。
market fluctuations / tracking fluctuations
The sudden temperature fluctuations made it hard for the garden plants to survive.
氣溫的突然波動讓花園裡的植物很難存活下來。
fluctuations in + temperature
Doctor Lin warned Bao that fluctuations in blood pressure could be dangerous if left unchecked.
林醫師警告 Bao，血壓波動若不處理可能會很危險。
Economists study seasonal fluctuations in consumer spending to predict future trends.
經濟學家研究消費者支出的季節性波動，以預測未來趨勢。
Ritu could not concentrate because of constant noise fluctuations from the street below.
Ritu 因為樓下街道傳來的持續噪音波動而無法集中注意力。
- variations
More neutral — variation can be planned or natural, not necessarily unpredictable.
- changes
More general — a change can be a single event; fluctuations imply repeated back-and-forth movement.
- shifts
Suggests a single or gradual move from one position to another, not necessarily back again.
- swings
Emphasises dramatic, wide changes from one extreme to another.
- stability
The state of staying steady without change.
- consistency
Remaining the same over time, without unexpected ups and downs.
文法句型
fluctuations in + noun (prices, temperature, mood, etc.)
fluctuation of + noun
用法筆記
Very frequently used in the plural form (fluctuations) with 'in' to specify what is changing — e.g., fluctuations in prices, fluctuations in mood. The singular form (fluctuation) is also possible, especially in uncountable uses like 'price fluctuation is normal.'
常見錯誤
2. A gentle, wave-like rising and falling motion — for example, the way light rippl
起伏
波浪狀的上下運動
A gentle, wave-like rising and falling motion — for example, the way light ripples across the surface of a pond, or the back-and-forth sway of a flag in the wind.
The physics students measured the light wave fluctuations through a narrow slit.
物理系學生測量了光波穿過狹窄縫隙時的起伏。
fluctuations of + light waves
Strong wind caused visible fluctuations in the surface of the lake near the dock.
強風導致碼頭附近的湖面出現明顯的起伏。
The needle on the old machine showed rapid fluctuations whenever the motor was running.
只要馬達一轉，那臺舊機器上的指針就會快速起伏。
Sven watched the rhythmic fluctuations of the wheat fields as the wind swept across the farm.
Sven 看著麥田隨著風吹過農場而出現的規律起伏。
- undulation
More specific — describes a smooth, wavy rising-and-falling shape or motion.
- wave
A single instance of the motion; fluctuation suggests a series of waves.
- ripple
Smaller, gentler wave-like movement on a surface.
- oscillation
A regular back-and-forth motion around a central point, common in physics.
- stillness
Complete absence of movement or wave motion.
文法句型
fluctuations of + noun (light, water, sound, energy)
用法筆記
This sense is more technical than sense 1 (UPS AND DOWNS). It describes literal physical undulation — waves in water, light, or sound — rather than changes in quantity or value. Commonly found in physics and engineering contexts.