heretofore
heretofore — 副詞
1. referring to a period or state of affairs that existed throughout the past until
迄今；此前
到目前為止（正式用語）
referring to a period or state of affairs that existed throughout the past until the present point, and that has now ended or been replaced — a formal word found mainly in legal, academic, or official documents.
The Watanabe family had heretofore stayed home for New Year, but this year they went to Kyoto.
渡邊家迄今過年都待在家裡，但今年他們去了京都。
The company's profits had heretofore remained flat, but the new marketing strategy changed everything.
該公司的利潤此前一直持平，但新的行銷策略改變了一切。
had heretofore + past participle — showing a past state that changed
The test results of the factory workers had heretofore been kept secret by the management.
工廠員工的檢測結果此前一直被管理階層隱瞞。
passive: had heretofore been + past participle
No evidence of the rare virus had heretofore been found in this area of Thailand.
這種罕見病毒此前從未在泰國這個地區發現過任何蹤跡。
negative pattern: No + noun + had heretofore been + past participle
A fix for the traffic jams had heretofore seemed out of reach, but the mayor's plan brought new hope.
交通堵塞的解決方法此前似乎遙不可及，但市長的計畫帶來了新的希望。
- had heretofore been
- had heretofore seemed
- had heretofore remained
- had heretofore kept
- had heretofore existed
- hitherto
more common in British English; same meaning and formality level
- previously
neutral register; works in both formal and everyday contexts
- so far
informal; can be used with present perfect instead of past perfect
- henceforth
from now on; formal register, opposite time direction
- hereafter
from this point forward; common in legal documents
文法句型
had heretofore + past participle
had heretofore been + past participle
用法筆記
Almost always used with past perfect tense (had + past participle). Common in formal writing — contracts, academic papers, and news reports — but rare in everyday conversation. Often appears in a contrast structure: X had heretofore been true, but Y changed that.
常見錯誤
同根字
- hitherto副詞C1
- theretofore副詞C2
- henceforth副詞C1
- hereafter副詞C1