horizon
/həˈraɪzn/ (bre, ipa) · /həˈraɪzn/ (ame, ipa) · /hə-ˈrī-zᵊn/ (ame, mw)
horizon — 名詞
- horizonsingular
- horizonsplural
1. the distant boundary where the sky appears to rest on the ground or ocean, formi
地平線
天空與地面或海面相接的界線
the distant boundary where the sky appears to rest on the ground or ocean, forming the outer edge of what a person can see from a given viewpoint
Iris watched the sun sink below the horizon, painting the sky in shades of orange and pink.
Iris 看著夕陽沉入地平線，將天空染成橙紅色的漸層。
collocation: below the horizon for describing sun/moon movement
From the lighthouse tower, Kofi could see ships appearing on the distant horizon.
從燈塔塔樓上，Kofi 可以看到船隻出現在遠方的地平線。
collocation: on the + distant horizon
The horizon grew hazy as thick fog rolled in across the fishing village of Keelung.
濃霧籠罩基隆漁村時，地平線變得模糊不清。
Sailors have relied on the horizon to tell distance and predict weather for centuries.
數世紀以來，船員依靠地平線來判斷距離和預測天氣。
- skyline
refers to the outline of buildings or trees against the sky, not the natural meeting line of sky and earth
文法句型
the + horizon
on/above/below the horizon
用法筆記
Often preceded by 'the'. Commonly paired with prepositions such as 'on', 'below', 'above', 'beyond', and 'toward'.
常見錯誤
2. a distinct horizontal strip of earth that differs from the layers above and belo
地層
土壤或岩層中可區分的水平層
a distinct horizontal strip of earth that differs from the layers above and below in colour, texture, or the fossils it contains
The dark organic horizon near the surface supports most of the plant roots in the forest.
靠近表層的深色有機質地層支撐著森林中大部分的植物根系。
domain: geology — used to describe a specific stratum
Marco examined the clay horizon beneath the topsoil and noted its reddish colour from iron deposits.
Marco 檢查了表土下方的黏土層，注意到鐵礦沉積帶來的紅色色澤。
The B horizon contains minerals that rainwater has washed down from the upper layers above it.
B 層含有雨水從上方土層沖刷下來的礦物質。
Defne compared the soil horizons across three fields to see how farming changed the land.
Defne 比較了三塊田地中的土壤層，觀察耕作如何改變了土地。
文法句型
soil/rock + horizon
horizon + of + noun
用法筆記
Technical term in geology and soil science. Each horizon is labelled with a letter (O, A, B, C) that indicates its position and composition in a soil profile.
常見錯誤
3. a stage in the distant past that archaeologists identify from a particular set o
文化層位
考古學中以特定器物群代表的時期
a stage in the distant past that archaeologists identify from a particular set of tools, pots, or building styles found together in one layer of the ground
The pottery fragments helped Kabir identify the Yangshao horizon during the dig in central China.
陶器碎片協助 Kabir 在中國中部的挖掘工作中辨識出仰韶文化層。
domain: archaeology — named cultural horizon
Artifacts from the Bell-Beaker horizon suggest that trade networks connected distant regions of Europe.
從鐘形杯文化層出土的器物顯示，貿易網絡曾連結歐洲各地。
The excavation revealed a burial horizon with offerings carefully placed around each skeleton.
挖掘工作揭露了一處墓葬文化層，每個骨骸周圍都仔細擺放了陪葬品。
Asher compared pottery from early and late horizons to track changes in vessel design.
Asher 比較了早期與晚期文化層的陶器，追蹤器物造型的變化。
- phase
a shorter time division within a broader archaeological period; 'horizon' implies cultural markers spread across a wide area
- cultural layer
descriptive term; 'horizon' is the standard technical label
文法句型
the + proper noun + horizon
horizon + of + time period
用法筆記
Typically paired with a culture name or label (e.g. 'Yangshao horizon', 'Bell-Beaker horizon'). Unlike sense 2, this sense refers to a time period rather than a physical layer of earth.
4. the full range of what a person knows, understands, or has done — together with
視野；眼界
個人知識、經驗或興趣的範圍
the full range of what a person knows, understands, or has done — together with the areas beyond that they have not yet reached or explored
A year in Brazil helped Sumin broaden her horizons and see life differently.
在巴西的一年幫助 Sumin 拓展視野，以不同的方式看待生活。
collocation: broaden + possessive + horizons for gaining new experience
The conference opened up new horizons for William, introducing him to cutting-edge research in robotics.
那場會議為 William 開啟了新視野，讓他接觸到機器人學的前沿研究。
collocation: new horizons for describing fresh possibilities
Camila felt that her career horizons had narrowed after years of doing the same routine tasks.
Camila 覺得多年來做同樣的例行工作後，她的職涯視野變狹隘了。
Reading philosophy opened up new horizons for Defne, leading her to study ethics at university.
閱讀哲學為 Defne 開拓了全新的視野，引導她進入大學攻讀倫理學。
- limitation
a factor that restricts one's horizons rather than the boundary itself
文法句型
broaden/expand + possessive + horizons
new horizons
limited horizons
用法筆記
Almost always appears in the plural form 'horizons' in this sense. Common verb partners include 'broaden', 'expand', 'widen', 'open up', and 'limit'.
常見錯誤
5. in astronomy, the imaginary circle around the sky that divides the half a person
天球地平圈
天文學中用於測量星體位置的參考圓
in astronomy, the imaginary circle around the sky that divides the half a person can see from the half hidden below their feet, used as a reference for measuring where stars and planets appear
The navigator calculated the ship's position by measuring the angle of Polaris above the celestial horizon.
領航員透過測量北極星在天球地平圈以上的角度來計算船隻的位置。
domain: astronomy — used with altitude measurement
Amihan learned to distinguish the true celestial horizon from the visible skyline when using a sextant.
Amihan 學會了在使用六分儀時區分真正的天球地平圈與可見的地平線。
The true horizon in astronomy is a perfect circle, unlike the uneven line we see naturally.
天文學中的真地平是一個完美的圓圈，不同於我們肉眼所見的不規則界線。
To find a star's altitude, measure its angle above the celestial horizon using a sextant.
要測量一顆恆星的高度，請用六分儀量測它與天球地平圈之間的角度。
- astronomical horizon
interchangeable technical term; 'celestial horizon' emphasises the sphere it belongs to
文法句型
the celestial horizon
astronomical + horizon
用法筆記
Technical term in astronomy and celestial navigation. Unlike the visual horizon (sense 1), the celestial horizon is an abstract mathematical circle that stays fixed regardless of landscape features.