inoculation
/ɪˌnɒkjuˈleɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪˌnɑːkjuˈleɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /i-ˌnä-kyə-ˈlā-shən/ (ame, mw)
inoculation — 名詞
- inoculationsingular
- inoculationsplural
1. the medical process of giving a person or animal a vaccine or a small controlled
預防接種
為防病而施打疫苗
the medical process of giving a person or animal a vaccine or a small controlled dose so the body learns to resist a disease
The nurse gave Mila an inoculation before the school trip abroad.
在學校安排的出國旅行前，護理師先替 Mila 做了預防接種。
give someone an inoculation — common medical pattern
After the dog bite, Yusuf went to hospital for a rabies inoculation.
被狗咬之後，Yusuf 立刻去醫院接受狂犬病預防接種。
inoculation for [disease] after exposure
Every recruit was given an inoculation on the first training day.
每位新兵在第一天訓練時都接受了一次預防接種。
The travel clinic scheduled Camila's typhoid inoculation two weeks before departure.
旅遊門診把 Camila 的傷寒預防接種排在出發前兩週。
- vaccination
The more usual modern term, especially in everyday health news.
- immunisation
Broader term that can include both the injection and the protection it creates.
- shot
Informal word that focuses on the injection rather than the process.
用法筆記
Often used in medical or public-health writing. It can refer either to the act of giving the protection or to one dose a person receives.
常見錯誤
2. the deliberate placing of germs or other living material into a plant, animal, o
實驗接種
把微生物導入供試對象
the deliberate placing of germs or other living material into a plant, animal, or growth medium for testing or to start growth there
Researchers used leaf cuts for inoculation with the fungus in the greenhouse.
研究人員在溫室裡透過葉片切口進行真菌實驗接種。
inoculation with [organism] in research
The lab delayed inoculation of the mice until the safety checks were complete.
安全檢查完成前，實驗室延後了對老鼠的實驗接種。
inoculation of [test subjects] in an experiment
Warm soil speeds inoculation when farmers add helpful bacteria to bean roots.
當農民把有益細菌加到豆根上時，溫暖的土壤會讓接種更快完成。
Dr. Okafor recorded the time of inoculation before sealing the culture jars.
Okafor 博士在封好培養瓶前，記下了實驗接種的時間。
- introduction
Broader scientific term that does not specifically suggest a controlled biological transfer.
- seeding
Used for starting growth in a medium, especially in laboratory contexts.
- infection
Usually describes what happens as a result, not the planned experimental act.
用法筆記
Common in laboratory, agriculture, and plant-disease writing. It is often followed by with to name the organism being introduced.
3. something that makes a person less affected by a later problem because they have
預先歷練
先經歷一點以減少衝擊
something that makes a person less affected by a later problem because they have already met a smaller version of it
Working at the front desk was Tara's first inoculation against rude customers.
在前台工作，是 Tara 面對無禮顧客前的第一次預先歷練。
inoculation against [future difficulty] — figurative use
The early review gave the young band an inoculation against harsh online comments.
那篇早期評論，成了這支年輕樂團面對網路惡評前的預先歷練。
One difficult sales call can be an inoculation before a week of rejections.
一次艱難的業務電話，可能就是面對一整週碰壁前的預先歷練。
For Leo, weekend debate club was an inoculation against stage fright.
對 Leo 來說，週末辯論社是他克服怯場前的一次預先歷練。
- preparation
Broader word for getting ready, without the idea of controlled early exposure.
- hardening
Stronger and often more negative, suggesting emotional toughening.
- conditioning
Can describe training over time rather than one early experience.
用法筆記
Usually figurative and often followed by against. It suggests a small early dose of difficulty that makes later pressure easier to handle.