internalise

internalise — 動詞

1. To take in a belief, idea, rule, or value from society or the people around you

1.動詞及物B2
釋義

內化

將外在觀念吸收為己有

To take in a belief, idea, rule, or value from society or the people around you and start to follow it naturally, as if it had always been your own.

例句

Nadia grew up in a home where hard work was valued, and she soon internalised the belief that success requires effort.

Nadia 在一個重視努力的家庭長大，很快就將「成功需要付出」這個信念內化。

collocation: internalise + belief / value / idea

After living in Japan for three years, Chen had internalised many local customs without even thinking about it.

在日本住了三年後，Chen 不知不覺就內化了許多當地習俗。

同義詞
  • absorb

    more passive and gradual — learning without deliberate effort

  • assimilate

    more formal; often refers to fitting into a new culture or group

  • adopt

    more about choosing something new rather than making it part of yourself

反義詞
  • reject

    to refuse to accept a belief or idea

文法句型

internalise + belief / idea / value / custom

internalise + that-clause (e.g. internalise the idea that…)

用法筆記

Subject is typically a person, often a child or learner within a social group. Object is an abstract noun such as belief, value, custom, norm, idea, or principle. Frequently appears in discussions about socialisation, education, and workplace culture.

常見錯誤

❌I internalised the book.
✅I internalised the ideas from the book.
💡internalise takes abstract nouns (beliefs, values, ideas), not physical objects.

2. To keep your feelings, worries, or pain hidden inside yourself instead of lettin

2.動詞及物B2
釋義

壓抑

隱藏情緒不表現出來

To keep your feelings, worries, or pain hidden inside yourself instead of letting other people see them, even though you are fully aware of those emotions.

例句

Keiko had learned to internalise her anger as a child, so she rarely raised her voice even when upset.

Keiko 小時候就學會壓抑怒氣，所以即使不開心也很少提高音量。

collocation: internalise + anger / sadness / disappointment

Hassan internalised his disappointment after losing the race and congratulated the winner with a warm smile.

Hassan 壓抑了輸掉比賽的失望，面帶微笑祝賀贏家。

同義詞
  • suppress

    more active and deliberate; the person consciously pushes the feeling down

  • bottle up

    informal; strong emotional pressure building inside

  • repress

    psychological term; can be unconscious, meaning the person may not even admit the feeling to themselves

反義詞
  • express

    to show your feelings openly

  • vent

    informal; to release strong emotions

文法句型

internalise + emotion (anger / sadness / disappointment / fear)

用法筆記

Object is usually a specific emotion or mental state: anger, sadness, disappointment, fear, stress, worry, pain. This sense contrasts directly with express, show, or vent emotions. Common in psychology contexts and discussions about emotional wellbeing.

常見錯誤

❌She internalised her tears and never cried.
✅She internalised her sadness and never showed it.
💡internalise refers to holding back the feeling itself, not the physical act of crying.
❌He internalised his happiness.
✅He internalised his disappointment.
💡internalise is used for negative or difficult emotions (anger, sadness, fear), not for positive ones like happiness or joy.

3. To include an expense, side effect, or external impact in the total price or bud

3.動詞及物C1
釋義

計入成本

將費用包含在總價中

To include an expense, side effect, or external impact in the total price or budget of something, so that it is paid for within the final amount rather than being left for others to bear.

例句

The factory internalised the cost of cleaning up its waste by adding it to the price of each product.

這家工廠將清理廢棄物的成本計入每件產品的價格中。

collocation: internalise + the cost of + [something]

Wen argued that delivery companies should internalise the environmental damage caused by their trucks.

Wen 主張貨運公司應將卡車造成的環境損害計入營運成本。

同義詞
  • factor in

    more common in everyday business language; less formal than internalise

  • incorporate

    broader meaning — can include non-financial elements too

反義詞
  • exclude

    to leave a cost out of the budget so it is paid by someone else

文法句型

internalise + cost / expense / damage + into + price / budget

用法筆記

Common in economics, environmental policy, and business accounting. Object is typically cost, expense, damage, impact, surcharge, or fee. The preposition into often follows to show where the cost is absorbed. Subject is usually an organisation, company, or industry.