internally
/ɪnˈtɜːnəli/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪnˈtɜːrnəli/ (ame, ipa) · /(ˈ)in‧¦tərnᵊlē ən‧ˈt-, -tə̄n-, -təin-, -li/ (ame, mw)
internally — 副詞
1. inside a living body rather than on its surface — used when describing injuries,
體內地
存在於或發生在身體內部
inside a living body rather than on its surface — used when describing injuries, conditions, or treatments that affect organs and tissues within the body
The doctors discovered the patient was bleeding internally after the car accident.
醫生發現那名患者在車禍後體內有內出血。
collocation: bleeding internally
Some medications work best when applied to the skin, while others must be taken internally.
有些藥物適合塗抹在皮膚上，有些則必須內服。
contrast: applied to the skin vs. taken internally
X-rays showed that Gabriel had a fracture, but no organs were damaged internally.
X光片顯示 Gabriel 有骨折，但體內器官並未受損。
The infection spread internally before any visible marks appeared on the skin.
感染先在體內擴散，之後皮膚上才出現可見的痕跡。
- inside
less formal; often used for physical location rather than medical contexts
- externally
on the outside of the body
- topically
applied to the skin or surface, in medical usage
用法筆記
Commonly used in medical contexts to describe injuries, conditions, or treatments that affect organs and tissues inside the body rather than the surface.
常見錯誤
2. relating to a person's private thoughts and feelings rather than their visible b
內心深處
存在於或發生在人的內心
relating to a person's private thoughts and feelings rather than their visible behaviour or expression
Lakshmi remained calm on the outside, but internally she was very nervous about the interview.
Lakshmi 外表保持鎮定，但內心深處對面試感到非常緊張。
contrast: on the outside vs. internally
Amani struggled internally with self-doubt even when she appeared confident to others.
Amani 在他人眼中顯得自信，但內心深處卻飽受自我懷疑之苦。
The therapist helped Christopher understand the anger he had been holding internally for years.
治療師幫助 Christopher 正視自己壓抑在內心多年的憤怒。
Daichi was celebrating internally when he heard the good news, though he only smiled politely.
Daichi 聽到好消息時內心狂喜，但表面上只微微一笑。
- outwardly
in a way that can be seen or observed by others
用法筆記
Often used to contrast a person's inner emotional or mental state with their observable behaviour or expression.
3. within the interior of a container, machine, or building rather than on its oute
內部
物體或建築物的內部
within the interior of a container, machine, or building rather than on its outer surfaces
The pipes were rusted internally, so the water came out with a brown colour.
水管內部生鏽了，所以流出來的水呈褐色。
collocation: rusted internally
Sari checked the suitcase internally and found a hidden pocket behind the lining.
Sari 檢查了行李箱內部，在襯裡後面發現一個暗袋。
The old warehouse looked sturdy from the street, but internally the walls were crumbling.
那間舊倉庫從街上看起來很堅固，但內部牆壁已開始剝落。
A smartphone's battery is sealed internally and cannot be removed by the user.
智慧型手機的電池密封在機身內部，使用者無法自行取出。
- inside
simpler, more common in everyday speech
- externally
on the outside or exterior
- on the surface
describing only the outer layer
4. within a company or group, kept among its own members and not shared with people
機構內部
僅限組織內部人員處理
within a company or group, kept among its own members and not shared with people outside
The company decided to fill the manager position internally rather than hiring someone from outside.
該公司決定從內部晉升經理，而不從外招聘。
collocation: fill [position] internally
Karim sent an internally circulated memo about changes to the team structure.
Karim 發了一份內部傳閱的備忘錄，說明團隊架構的變動。
collocation: internally circulated
The complaints were handled internally by human resources and never reached the public.
這些投訴由人力資源部門內部處理，從未對外公開。
When the project failed, the team reviewed the mistakes internally before updating the client.
專案失敗後，團隊先進行內部檢討，再向客戶更新進度。
- externally
involving people or organisations from outside
- publicly
in a way that involves or is known by the general public
用法筆記
Common in business and HR contexts to describe processes, communications, or decisions that are kept within the organisation.
5. confined to one nation's own territory, government, or affairs without involving
國內
局限於一國境內的事務
confined to one nation's own territory, government, or affairs without involving other countries
The government focused internally on infrastructure projects instead of sending aid abroad.
政府將資源集中在國內的基礎建設項目，而不是提供對外援助。
collocation: focus internally
The prime minister said the nation must fix its economy internally before seeking foreign help.
總理認為國家必須先自行解決經濟問題，再尋求外國投資。
Human rights groups criticised the regime for using its military internally against its own people.
人權組織批評該政權將軍事力量用於鎮壓國內人民。
The prime minister argued that spending money internally would benefit the nation more than importing foreign technology.
總理主張把資金用在國內，會比進口外國技術對國家更有益。
- domestically
more common in economic and political contexts; specifically refers to within a country
- at home
informal; used in news reporting and everyday speech
- internationally
involving or affecting multiple countries
- overseas
in or to a foreign country
- abroad
in or to a foreign country
用法筆記
Used in political, economic, and diplomatic contexts. Contrasts with 'internationally' or 'externally' when discussing national boundaries.
6. by virtue of the essential character or logical structure of something, independ
本質上；內在
源自事物本身的內在特性
by virtue of the essential character or logical structure of something, independent of external influences or factors
The theory is internally consistent, even though it does not match real-world observations.
這套理論在內部邏輯上是一致的，只是與真實世界的觀察不符。
collocation: internally consistent
Brian felt the novel was not internally logical because the characters acted without clear reason.
Brian 認為這本小說缺乏內部邏輯，因為角色的行為沒有明確的理由。
A well-designed computer program should be internally coherent, with each part supporting the others.
設計良好的電腦程式應具有內在一致性，各環節互相呼應。
A collectible item's value is not internally set; it depends on market demand and rarity.
收藏品的價值並非由物品本身決定，而是取決於市場需求與稀有程度。
- intrinsically
focuses more on the essential quality of something rather than its internal structure
- inherently
suggests a quality that is permanently part of something's nature
- externally
coming from outside factors or influences
- superficially
relating only to the surface level, not the inner nature
用法筆記
Common in academic and analytical contexts, especially with adjectives like 'consistent', 'coherent', 'logical', or 'contradictory'.