internalize
internalize — 動詞
- internalizepresent simple I / you / we / they
- internalizeshe / she / it
- internalizedpast simple
- internalizing-ing form
1. to take a belief, rule, or lesson so deeply into your thinking that it starts to
內化
把觀念或習慣吸收到自己心裡
to take a belief, rule, or lesson so deeply into your thinking that it starts to guide your usual behaviour.
After months in the dojo, Hana internalized the habit of bowing before practice.
Hana 在道館練了幾個月後，已把練習前鞠躬的習慣內化了。
object: internalize the habit of + -ing
Gabriel gradually internalized his coach's advice about staying calm under pressure.
Gabriel 漸漸把教練關於在壓力下保持冷靜的建議內化了。
adverb + internalize + advice
By senior year, Emily had internalized the idea that mistakes can teach you.
到了高年級時，Emily 已把「錯誤也能讓人學到東西」這個想法內化了。
pattern: internalize the idea that ...
Workers internalize safety rules faster when senior staff model them every day.
當資深員工天天以身作則時，員工會更快把安全規則內化。
- internalize a belief
- internalize a lesson
- internalize a rule
- internalize a habit
- absorb
take in mentally, but not always deeply enough to change behaviour
- adopt
emphasises choosing a belief or practice, not necessarily making it automatic
- take to heart
more emotional; often used for advice or criticism
文法句型
internalize + belief/idea/rule
internalize + the idea that ...
用法筆記
Object is usually a value, lesson, rule, or belief. This sense often suggests repeated experience until the idea feels automatic, not just understood once.
常見錯誤
2. to keep an emotion inside yourself instead of showing it or talking about it ope
悶在心裡
把情緒壓住，不讓別人看出來
to keep an emotion inside yourself instead of showing it or talking about it openly.
Nikhil tends to internalize anger instead of telling friends when he is hurt.
Nikhil 常把怒氣悶在心裡，不肯在受傷時告訴朋友。
pattern: internalize + emotion
After the argument, Sirin internalized her disappointment and smiled through dinner.
爭執過後，Sirin 把失望悶在心裡，吃晚餐時還是照樣微笑。
contrast: hide feeling but keep social calm
Many teenagers internalize stress because they do not want to worry their parents.
許多青少年會把壓力悶在心裡，因為他們不想讓父母擔心。
The therapist warned that children may internalize fear during long family conflict.
治療師提醒，孩子在長期家庭衝突中可能會把恐懼悶在心裡。
common risk context: internalize fear
- internalize anger
- internalize stress
- internalize fear
- internalize shame
文法句型
internalize + emotion/feeling
internalize + anger/stress/fear
用法筆記
Often used in psychology, counselling, or family discussions. The hidden feeling is usually anger, fear, shame, or stress rather than a happy emotion.
常見錯誤
3. to include a cost or harmful side effect in the real price or budget instead of
成本內部化
把外部成本算進價格或預算裡
to include a cost or harmful side effect in the real price or budget instead of leaving it for others to bear.
The airline chose to internalize the fuel surcharge instead of raising ticket prices.
那家航空公司選擇把燃油附加費成本內部化，而不是調漲票價。
internalize + surcharge/cost
New rules force factories to internalize cleanup costs after chemical spills.
新規定迫使工廠在化學外洩後把清理成本內部化。
policy context: internalize cleanup costs
The report argues that cheap plastic remains cheap because producers do not internalize waste costs.
報告指出，便宜塑膠之所以一直便宜，是因為生產者沒有把廢棄成本內部化。
Some cafes internalize delivery fees rather than adding a separate charge.
有些咖啡店會把外送費成本內部化，而不是另外加收一筆費用。
contrast: internalize fees vs add separate charge
- internalize a cost
- internalize a fee
- internalize cleanup costs
- internalize an externality
- externalize
leave the cost or harm outside the calculation
- pass on
make someone else bear the cost, usually the customer
文法句型
internalize + cost/fee
internalize + cleanup/environmental costs
用法筆記
Usually used in economics, business, or policy writing. The subject is often a company or government, and the hidden contrast is with passing the cost to others.
常見錯誤
同根字
- internal形容詞B2
- internally副詞C1
- internalization名詞C2
常見搭配
副詞搭配
- fully internalize
- gradually internalize
- deeply internalize