invagination
invagination — 名詞
1. the biological or physical process by which a layer of tissue, membrane, or othe
內摺；內陷
組織層內凹成腔的過程
the biological or physical process by which a layer of tissue, membrane, or other surface folds inward, creating a pocket, pouch, or tube-like cavity inside the original structure.
During wound healing, the invagination of new skin cells helps form a protective layer over the injury.
在傷口癒合過程中，新生皮膚細胞的內摺有助於在受傷處形成保護層。
invagination + of + [tissue]; biological process
The surgeon explained that invagination of the intestinal lining can sometimes happen after abdominal surgery.
外科醫生解釋，腹部手術後有時會發生腸道內膜的內陷。
medical context: invagination of [body part]
In the lab, Dr. Okonkwo observed the invagination of the cell membrane as the amoeba began to engulf its prey.
在實驗室裡，Okonkwo 博士觀察到當變形蟲開始吞噬獵物時，細胞膜的內摺現象。
The video showed a time-lapse of the invagination of the neural plate during early brain formation in a chick embryo.
影片播放了雞胚胎早期大腦形成過程中神經板內陷的縮時畫面。
- infolding
less formal, used more in general descriptions than in technical biology writing
- evagination
the opposite process — a layer folding or bulging outward rather than inward
文法句型
invagination + of [body part/tissue]
invagination into [structure]
用法筆記
Often used in developmental biology and cell biology to describe the folding behaviour of cell layers or membranes. The verb form 'invaginate' describes the action.
2. a pocket-like structure that has formed by folding inward, or the condition of b
凹陷結構；內摺體
內摺形成的囊狀構造
a pocket-like structure that has formed by folding inward, or the condition of being folded inward and enclosed within a surrounding layer.
Under the microscope, Nadia could see a small invagination on the surface of the cell filled with fluid.
在顯微鏡下，Nadia 可以看到細胞表面有一個充滿液體的小凹陷結構。
countable: observing an invagination
The CT scan revealed an invagination in the patient's colon that required further examination.
電腦斷層掃描顯示病人的結腸有一個內摺構造，需要進一步檢查。
Kofi noted that the invagination of the plant leaf created a tiny chamber where insects often laid their eggs.
Kofi 指出，植物葉片的內摺形成了一個微小腔室，昆蟲經常在裡面產卵。
The textbook diagram showed the neural tube forming from an invagination that deepens and eventually closes off.
教科書的圖解顯示了神經管是由一個向內凹陷的結構逐漸加深並最終閉合而形成的。
- depression
more general anatomical term, less precise about the folding mechanism
- pocket
everyday word that describes the shape but not the folding origin
- protrusion
a structure that bulges outward instead of inward
文法句型
an invagination in [body part]
an invagination of [tissue]
用法筆記
This sense refers to the existing structure or condition after invagination has occurred, not the process itself. Contrast with sense 1, which focuses on the action.
3. a specific stage in early embryonic development, where part of the wall of a hol
胚胎內摺；原腸形成
囊胚壁內凹形成原腸胚的胚胎發育過程
a specific stage in early embryonic development, where part of the wall of a hollow ball of cells (the blastula) folds inward to form the next developmental stage (the gastrula), establishing the three main cell layers (germ layers) that will develop into different tissues and organs.
Keiko observed frog blastula invagination — a critical step toward a multicellular embryo.
Keiko 觀察到青蛙囊胚的內摺，這是邁向多細胞胚胎的關鍵一步。
Keiko + observed + frog blastula invagination; concrete observation
During her PhD research, Sofia studied how invagination is controlled by the expression of specific genes in frog embryos.
在博士研究期間，Sofia 研究了特定基因在青蛙胚胎中如何調控內摺的發生。
Dr. Oluwaseun explained that invagination of the blastula wall begins the gastrula stage.
Oluwaseun 博士解釋，囊胚壁的內陷是原腸胚階段的開始。
Minh's animation showed how invagination turns a hollow ball of cells into a layered embryo with a primitive gut.
Minh 的動畫展示了內摺如何將一個空心細胞球轉變為具有原始腸道的分層胚胎。
- gastrulation
the broader process of which invagination is a key part; not exactly synonymous
文法句型
invagination during [stage]
invagination of the blastula
用法筆記
This sense is restricted to embryology. Do not confuse with the general biological sense (sense 1), which applies to any tissue or membrane folding. In embryology, invagination is a precisely defined morphogenetic movement.
4. a medical condition in which one segment of the intestine telescopes or slides f
腸套疊
一段腸管套入相鄰腸段的疾病
a medical condition in which one segment of the intestine telescopes or slides forward into the section next to it, often causing pain, obstruction, or reduced blood flow.
The paediatrician diagnosed the two-year-old with intestinal invagination after he started vomiting and passing bloody stool.
兒科醫師判斷這名兩歲幼童患有腸套疊，因為他開始嘔吐並排出帶血的糞便。
medical context: diagnosed with invagination
An ultrasound can confirm an invagination of the bowel and help doctors decide whether treatment is needed urgently.
超音波可以確認腸套疊是否存在，並幫助醫師判斷是否需要緊急治療。
invagination of the bowel; diagnostic method
Dr. Chen explained that an invagination in adults is often linked to a growth inside the intestine wall.
陳醫師解釋，成人發生腸套疊通常與腸壁內的贅生物有關。
Without treatment, an intestinal invagination can cut off the blood supply and lead to tissue damage within a few hours.
若不治療，腸套疊可能在數小時內阻斷血液供應，進而導致組織損傷。
- intussusception
the standard medical term; more common in clinical settings than 'invagination'
文法句型
invagination of the [intestine/colon]
diagnosed with invagination
用法筆記
The more common medical term for this condition is 'intussusception'. 'Invagination' is sometimes used interchangeably in clinical writing, especially in pathology reports.