judges
judges — 名詞
1. people in a court who hear cases, rule on legal questions, and decide sentences
法官
在法庭審案並裁定法律問題的人
people in a court who hear cases, rule on legal questions, and decide sentences when the law has been broken
The judges asked both lawyers to explain the missing phone records.
法官要求兩位律師說明遺失的通話紀錄。
judges ask lawyers to explain evidence
Three judges entered the courtroom before the murder trial began.
三位法官在謀殺案開庭前走進了法庭。
The appeal judges reduced Omar's sentence after reading the new evidence.
上訴法官在看過新證據後，減輕了 Omar 的刑期。
Federal judges sometimes block new rules while a case is still open.
聯邦法官有時會在案件仍審理中時，暫停新規定的施行。
- magistrates
used for lower-court judicial officers in some legal systems
- justices
often used in the names of higher-court judges
- jurists
more formal and often broader, including legal scholars
用法筆記
Used for people with legal authority in a court. Distinguish from a jury, which may decide guilt in some systems but does not normally issue the final legal ruling or sentence.
常見錯誤
2. people chosen to decide which person, team, or piece of work should officially w
評審
正式決定比賽名次或勝負的人
people chosen to decide which person, team, or piece of work should officially win a contest
The judges gave first prize to Naoko's photo of the night market.
評審把首獎頒給了 Naoko 拍的夜市照片。
judges give first prize
After the final dance, the judges compared their score sheets quietly.
最後一支舞結束後，評審安靜地比較彼此的評分表。
Two judges studied each cake before tasting a small slice.
兩位評審先仔細看過每個蛋糕，才各自吃了一小口。
The judges could not agree, so the singing contest went to a tie-break.
評審無法達成一致，所以歌唱比賽進入了加賽。
- adjudicators
more formal and common in official competitions
- scorers
focuses on giving points rather than choosing the winner overall
- panelists
can refer to members of a judging panel, but is less precise
用法筆記
Common in talent shows, art contests, cooking competitions, and sports where scores are given for performance. Distinguish from 'referees', who mainly enforce rules during play.
常見錯誤
3. people with enough knowledge or experience to tell whether something is good, ba
行家
懂得分辨好壞並提出意見的人
people with enough knowledge or experience to tell whether something is good, bad, or suitable
Experienced food judges notice stale oil after one bite of fried fish.
有經驗的美食行家吃一口炸魚，就能發現油已經不新鮮。
judges with trained taste
Wine judges at the fair discussed which bottle had the cleanest finish.
酒類行家在園遊會上討論，哪一瓶酒的尾韻最乾淨。
Even expert judges of character can trust the wrong business partner.
就算是看人的行家，也可能信錯生意夥伴。
Art judges spotted a copied design in Jude's poster right away.
藝術行家一下子就看出 Jude 的海報裡有抄來的設計。
- experts
broader term for people with specialist knowledge
- critics
often used for people who publish opinions about art, food, or culture
- evaluators
more formal and often used in work or academic settings
用法筆記
Often appears in patterns like 'judges of character', 'judges of taste', and 'judges of wine'. It emphasizes trained judgment, not an official job title.
常見錯誤
judges — 動詞
1. if someone judges, they decide what they think about a person, event, or situati
判斷
根據所知對人或事形成看法
if someone judges, they decide what they think about a person, event, or situation after considering what they know
Lisa judges job applicants by how clearly they answer follow-up questions.
Lisa 會根據求職者回答追問是否清楚，來判斷他們的表現。
judge someone by + clause
The doctor judges the rash harmless after checking Eli's temperature.
醫生在量過 Eli 的體溫後，判斷那片紅疹沒有危險。
judge + object + adjective
Christopher rarely judges a film from the trailer alone.
Christopher 很少只看預告片，就判斷一部電影好不好。
Our coach judges whether the team is ready after the practice match.
我們的教練會在練習賽後，判斷球隊是否已經準備好。
文法句型
judge whether + clause
judge someone/something by + noun
judge + object + adjective
用法筆記
Often takes evidence, behaviour, or results as the basis for an opinion. Distinguish from sense 4, which highlights the sign or clue that leads to the opinion rather than the broader act of evaluation.
常見錯誤
2. if someone judges another person, they speak or think badly about that person's
批判
自認高人一等而批評別人
if someone judges another person, they speak or think badly about that person's choices as if they were morally better
Tyler judges his sister for wearing cheap clothes to interviews.
Tyler 因為妹妹穿便宜衣服去面試，就批判她。
judge someone for + -ing
Aylin never judges friends who need time off for therapy.
Aylin 從不批判那些需要請假去接受心理治療的朋友。
The talk-show host judges young mothers without knowing their daily struggles.
那位談話節目主持人在不了解年輕母親日常辛苦的情況下，就批判她們。
Our neighbor judges people by their accent before hearing their ideas.
我們的鄰居常在還沒聽人說想法前，就先因口音批判別人。
- criticize
broader and does not always imply moral superiority
- condemn
stronger and often sounds public or formal
- look down on
focuses on treating someone as socially or morally inferior
- understand
suggests sympathy rather than blame
文法句型
judge someone for + noun/-ing
judge someone by + noun
用法筆記
Carries a negative tone. It usually suggests unfair criticism, especially when the speaker has little understanding of the other person's situation.
常見錯誤
3. if someone judges a contest, show, or match, they officially choose who wins or
擔任評審
在比賽中正式決定名次或勝負
if someone judges a contest, show, or match, they officially choose who wins or how each performance is scored
Quan judges the school debate and writes notes after each speech.
Quan 擔任校內辯論賽的評審，並在每場演講後寫下評語。
judge a competition
A former gymnast judges Saturday's finals from a table beside the floor.
一位前體操選手坐在場邊桌旁，為週六的決賽擔任評審。
The chef judges the noodle contest with two local restaurant owners.
那位主廚和兩位本地餐廳老闆一起為麵食比賽擔任評審。
Mira judges the costume parade after the children walk past the stage.
Mira 在孩子們走過舞台後，為服裝遊行擔任評審。
- adjudicate
more formal and common in official or legal-style competitions
- score
focuses on giving points rather than overseeing the whole event
- officiate
broader and often used for supervising events or ceremonies
文法句型
judge a competition
judge a show
judge a final
用法筆記
The object is usually an event, a performance, or the people taking part in it. Distinguish from 'referee', which is the usual verb for enforcing rules during games such as football.
常見錯誤
4. if someone judges from something, they use a sign or piece of evidence as the ba
推斷
根據跡象說出自己怎麼看
if someone judges from something, they use a sign or piece of evidence as the basis for what they think
Sahil judges from the quiet kitchen that the lunch rush is over.
Sahil 從安靜的廚房推斷，午餐尖峰已經過了。
judge from + noun + that-clause
The nurse judges by Élise's smile that the pain medicine is working.
護理師從 Élise 的笑容推斷，止痛藥已經開始起作用。
judge by + noun + that-clause
Our teacher judges from the empty seats that half the class is absent.
我們老師從空著的座位推斷，班上一半的人都缺席了。
The captain judges by the dark clouds that the ferry should wait.
船長從烏雲推斷，渡輪應該先等等再開。
文法句型
judge from + noun + that-clause
judge by + noun + that-clause
用法筆記
Usually names the clue after 'from' or 'by', then states the conclusion. Distinguish from sense 1, where the focus is the opinion itself rather than the visible sign that leads to it.