qua
qua — 介系詞
1. used in formal writing before a noun to focus on a person or thing specifically
以…身分
只從某種角色來看
used in formal writing before a noun to focus on a person or thing specifically as that role, group, or category, not in every other way.
Qua teacher, Elena valued clear feedback more than strict rules.
以教師身分來說，Elena 比起嚴格規定，更重視清楚回饋。
qua + role noun at the start
The essay criticizes Owen qua manager, not qua father or friend.
這篇文章批評的是 Owen 以經理身分的一面，不是他當父親或朋友的一面。
qua marks one role, excluding others
The court treated the company qua employer, so safety rules applied.
法院是把這家公司當作雇主來看，所以安全規定就適用。
The museum studies masks qua art objects, not as tourist gifts.
博物館研究這些面具時，是把它們視為藝術品，不是觀光紀念品。
Qua buyer, Nikhil asked for a refund within two days.
以買方身分來說，Nikhil 在兩天內要求退款。
- as
The normal everyday equivalent; much less formal than 'qua'.
- in the capacity of
Longer and more bureaucratic, often used in legal or official writing.
- in the role of
Clearer and more conversational, but less compact and less technical.
文法句型
qua + noun phrase
noun + qua + role noun
用法筆記
Very formal and mostly seen in academic, philosophical, or legal writing. It highlights only one role or category, where everyday English usually uses 'as'.