radical
/ˈrædɪkl/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈrædɪkl/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈra-di-kəl/ (ame, mw) · /ˈræd.ɪ.kəl/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈræd.ɪ.kəl/ (ame, ipa)
radical — 形容詞
- radicalpositive
- more radicalcomparative
- most radicalsuperlative
1. holding or expressing a strong desire for major changes in the political or soci
激進的
主張社會或政治全面改革的
holding or expressing a strong desire for major changes in the political or social systems of a country, often changes that seem extreme to other people.
Jiwoo's political views became more radical after she saw the living conditions in the city.
Jiwoo 的政治觀點變得越來越激進，因為她看到了城市的居住環境。
radical + views for extreme political beliefs
The group published a radical newspaper that called for the end of the monarchy.
該團體出版了一份激進的報紙，呼籲廢除君主制。
A radical student movement organized protests against the rising cost of food and housing.
一個激進的學生運動組織了抗議活動，反對不斷上漲的物價和房租。
The professor's radical ideas on education reform attracted both strong support and fierce criticism.
這位教授在教育改革方面的激進想法，既贏得了大力支持，也招來了嚴厲批評。
Chairwoman Mei-Lin's radical proposal to redistribute all farmland shocked the conservative members of parliament.
Mei-Lin 主席關於重新分配所有農地的激進提案，震驚了議會中的保守派議員。
- extreme
focuses on degree of departure from the norm, often with negative tone
- revolutionary
suggests aiming to completely overthrow existing institutions
- progressive
milder and generally positive, supporting gradual improvement
- conservative
prefers to keep existing systems and avoid major change
- moderate
avoids extreme positions, seeks middle ground
文法句型
radical + noun (views, ideas, group, activist)
用法筆記
Commonly applied to people, movements, or policies that advocate extreme social or political reform. The connotation varies: some speakers use it negatively to mean 'unreasonably extreme,' while others use it positively to mean 'courageously progressive.'
常見錯誤
2. touching the deepest or most central parts of something, usually producing chang
根本的；徹底
影響整體或源自最基礎層面的
touching the deepest or most central parts of something, usually producing change that is complete in scope and affects the whole system.
The company made radical changes to its business model after losing money for two years.
該公司在連續兩年虧損後，對其商業模式進行了徹底的改變。
radical + changes for complete restructuring
Yara's research led to a radical new understanding of how young children learn language.
Yara 的研究帶來了一項根本性的新觀點，解釋幼兒如何學習語言。
The introduction of smartphones caused a radical shift in how people communicate with each other.
智慧型手機的問世徹底改變了人們彼此溝通的方式。
Dario's rough draft differed radically from the published novel — the ending was rewritten and the characters had different names.
Dario 的草稿與出版的小說之間存在根本性的差異，結局被完全改寫，角色名稱也全都不同了。
Baraka's new government promised radical reform of the country's outdated healthcare system.
Baraka 的新政府承諾對該國落後的醫療體系進行根本改革。
- fundamental
focuses on basic principles without necessarily implying extreme action
- drastic
emphasizes urgency and severity of the action taken
- sweeping
suggests wide-ranging coverage affecting many areas at once
- thorough
highlights completeness and attention to all parts
- superficial
only affecting the surface, not the core
- minor
small in scale or importance
文法句型
radical + noun (change, reform, difference, shift)
用法筆記
Often precedes nouns like change, reform, difference, shift, or overhaul. The focus is on either the depth of analysis (going to the root) or the extent of transformation (affecting the whole system).
常見錯誤
3. describing a medical procedure that aims to completely remove all diseased or da
根治的；根除
完全切除病灶的醫療手段
describing a medical procedure that aims to completely remove all diseased or damaged tissue, rather than just treating the symptoms.
The doctors recommended radical surgery to remove the entire tumour from Ramón's lung.
醫生建議進行根治性手術，將 Ramón 肺部的整個腫瘤切除。
radical surgery for complete removal of diseased tissue
After the diagnosis, Mira had to decide whether to undergo a radical mastectomy.
在確診之後，Mira 必須決定是否接受根除性的乳房切除手術。
Mr. Okonkwo's surgeon explained that radical surgery was needed to remove the tumour from his liver.
Okonkwo 先生的外科醫生解釋說，需要進行根治性手術才能移除他肝臟的腫瘤。
The surgeon explained that a radical operation was the only way to stop the disease from spreading further.
外科醫生解釋說，根治性手術是阻止疾病進一步擴散的唯一方法。
Xiu's family felt great relief when the radical procedure successfully removed all signs of infection.
當根治性治療成功移除所有感染跡象後，Xiu 的家人鬆了一口氣。
文法句型
radical + surgery / treatment / operation / mastectomy
用法筆記
Used exclusively in medical contexts, typically before surgery, treatment, operation, mastectomy, or procedure. It is NOT interchangeable with 'severe' or 'aggressive' — 'radical' specifically means removing the root cause completely.
常見錯誤
4. extremely good, impressive, or enjoyable in a way that excites or pleases people
超棒的
很棒、令人興奮的俚語用法
extremely good, impressive, or enjoyable in a way that excites or pleases people.
Anjali said the concert was absolutely radical, especially the guitar solos.
Anjali 說這場演唱會超棒的，尤其是吉他獨奏的部分。
informal slang: be + radical for 'excellent'
The skateboard video showed some radical tricks that the crowd loved.
那部滑板影片展示了許多超棒的技巧，觀眾都非常喜愛。
Dude, that video game level was totally radical — I have never seen graphics this good before!
老兄，那個電玩關卡超讚的——我從來沒看過這麼好的畫面！
That science fiction movie was so radical that Jason went to see it three times.
那部科幻電影太棒了，Jason 去看了三次。
The party at Sofia's was radical — a live band in the backyard and a huge inflatable pool.
Sofia 家的派對超讚的——有現場樂團在後院表演，還有一個超大的充氣游泳池。
文法句型
Subject + be + radical
radical + noun (trick, concert, party)
用法筆記
Slang usage that peaked in the 1980s—1990s within surfer, skateboard, and youth subcultures. Still understood by most English speakers but sounds dated; younger speakers today are more likely to use awesome, sick, or dope.
常見錯誤
radical — 名詞
- radicalsingular
- radicalsplural
1. a person whose opinions and actions call for extreme or complete changes to a co
激進分子
主張徹底改革社會制度的人
a person whose opinions and actions call for extreme or complete changes to a country's political or social systems.
Pedro was known as a radical who demanded a complete rewrite of the constitution.
Pedro 被認為是一名激進分子，他要求完全重新制定憲法。
a radical who + clause describing beliefs
The government arrested several radicals who had been planning to overthrow the current system.
政府逮捕了幾名計畫推翻現行體制的激進分子。
plural: several radicals for multiple activists
In the 1970s, many university radicals later became mainstream politicians.
在1970年代，許多大學裡的激進分子後來成為了主流政治家。
The summit brought radicals from Brazil, India, and South Africa together to plan a coordinated land reform campaign.
這場峰會聚集了來自巴西、印度和南非的激進分子，共同規劃一場協調的土地改革運動。
Kofi was arrested with other radicals who wanted a revolution against the corrupt government.
Kofi 與其他激進分子一同被捕，他們想要發動革命推翻腐敗的政府。
- extremist
stronger negative connotation, implies willingness to use unlawful methods
- revolutionary
specifically aims to overthrow the existing system or government
- activist
broader term, does not necessarily imply extreme views
- conservative
a person who prefers to keep existing systems
- moderate
a person who avoids extreme positions
文法句型
the + radicals
a radical who + verb
用法筆記
Often implies that the person's views are outside the political mainstream. The term can be used neutrally, approvingly (by those who share the views), or disapprovingly (by opponents). In plural form (the radicals), it may refer to an identifiable faction within a larger movement.