fundamental
fundamental — 形容詞
- fundamentalpositive
- more fundamentalcomparative
- most fundamentalsuperlative
1. relating to the most basic part of a system or idea, on which everything else re
基本；根本
構成其他事物基礎的
relating to the most basic part of a system or idea, on which everything else relies or depends
The students learned the fundamental principles of physics before tackling advanced topics.
學生們先學習物理學的基本原理，然後才探討進階主題。
collocation: fundamental principles
A balanced diet is fundamental to keeping your body healthy and your mind sharp.
均衡的飲食是維持身心健康的基本條件。
pattern: fundamental to + gerund
The constitution lays out the fundamental laws that shape how the country is run.
憲法訂立了治理國家的基本法律。
Sumin's research addresses a fundamental question about how young children pick up new languages.
Sumin 的研究探討了一個根本問題：幼兒如何學習新語言。
collocation: fundamental question
Without a fundamental grasp of grammar, writing clearly in English is extremely hard.
如果沒有紮實掌握文法，要清楚地用英文寫作是極其困難的。
- fundamental principle
- fundamental question
- fundamental rule
- fundamental to
- basic
broader in scope; 'fundamental' implies that other things depend on it, whereas 'basic' simply means simple or elementary
- foundational
more formal and less common; used especially of systems, theories, or structures that are built upon
- underlying
emphasises that the thing is hidden or not immediately obvious but still essential
- superficial
describes something that only concerns the surface level
- secondary
describes something that is less important or derived from something else
文法句型
fundamental to + noun/gerund
fundamental + noun
用法筆記
Attributive use (before a noun) is more common than predicative. The pattern 'fundamental to [noun/gerund]' is fixed — do not use 'of' in its place: 'Exercise is fundamental to good health', not 'fundamental of good health'.
常見錯誤
2. extremely significant in a way that affects the core nature of something; so imp
至關重要
極其重要且影響核心的
extremely significant in a way that affects the core nature of something; so important that everything else depends on it
There is a fundamental difference between how the two candidates think about taxes.
兩位候選人對稅務的看法存在根本性的差異。
collocation: fundamental difference
The discovery caused a fundamental change in the way doctors treat heart disease.
這項發現徹底改變了醫生治療心臟病的方式。
Respect for others is a fundamental value that children should learn early.
尊重他人是孩子應該及早學習的核心價值。
collocation: fundamental value
Darius made a fundamental mistake by not reading the contract before signing.
Darius 因為簽約前沒有閱讀合約，犯了一個根本性的錯誤。
collocation: fundamental mistake / error
Access to clean drinking water is a fundamental human right that every government should protect.
取得乾淨的飲用水是每個人應享有的基本人權，政府應該加以保障。
collocation: fundamental human right
- fundamental difference
- fundamental change
- fundamental right
- fundamental mistake
- fundamental error
文法句型
fundamental + noun (difference / change / right / mistake)
用法筆記
Commonly appears in fixed collocations: 'fundamental difference', 'fundamental change', 'fundamental right', and 'fundamental mistake'. Stronger than 'important' — it suggests that removing or changing this thing would alter the entire character of the subject.
常見錯誤
3. relating to the lowest note in a musical chord or the main tone produced by a vi
基音的
和弦最低音的
relating to the lowest note in a musical chord or the main tone produced by a vibrating object such as a stretched string or a pipe, from which higher overtones are derived
In a C major chord, the note C is the fundamental tone that names the chord.
在 C 大調和弦中，C 音是賦予該和弦名稱的基音。
music: fundamental tone of a chord
The violin's lowest string produces a fundamental frequency that the other strings tune to.
小提琴最低的那條弦發出一個基頻，其他弦以此為基準來調音。
When tuning a piano, the technician listens carefully to the fundamental pitch of each key.
調音師在調校鋼琴時，會仔細聆聽每個琴鍵的基音音高。
The bass guitar's fundamental note was so deep that Noa felt it in her ribs.
貝斯吉他的基音低到 Noa 的肋骨都能感受到震動。
music: fundamental note — felt as vibration
- fundamental tone
- fundamental frequency
- fundamental pitch
- fundamental note
- overtone
higher frequencies that sound above the fundamental and give instruments their distinctive timbre
文法句型
fundamental + noun (tone / frequency / pitch / note)
用法筆記
This is a specialised sense used mainly in music theory and acoustics. In everyday conversation, 'fundamental' almost always refers to the BASIC PRINCIPLES or CENTRAL IMPORTANCE senses above.
fundamental — 名詞
- fundamentalsingular
- fundamentalsplural
1. the lowest note of a musical chord, on which the chord is built and from which i
基音；根音
和弦的基礎低音
the lowest note of a musical chord, on which the chord is built and from which it takes its name
The music teacher asked the class to name the fundamental of each chord.
音樂老師要求全班說出每個和弦的根音。
music: name the fundamental of a chord
The fundamental of a major chord determines whether the chord sounds bright or dark.
一個大和弦的根音決定了這個和弦聽起來是明亮還是陰暗。
In a C major chord, C is the fundamental that all other notes build on.
在 C 大調和弦中，C 是根音，其他音符都建立在它之上。
music: C is the fundamental; others built above
The fundamental of a chord is not always the lowest note you hear, as Élise learned.
和弦的根音不總是你聽到的最低音，Élise 就學到了這一點。
- fundamental of a chord
- fundamental of a scale
- identify the fundamental
文法句型
the fundamental of + noun (chord / scale / harmonic series)
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'root' (used interchangeably in many contexts) and 'bass note' (the lowest note actually played, which may differ from the fundamental if the chord is inverted).
常見錯誤
同根字
- fundamentally副詞B2
- fundamentalism名詞C1
- fundamentalist名詞C1
- fundamentalist形容詞C1
常見搭配
常用片語
- fundamental to
- fundamental for