fundamentals
fundamentals — 名詞
1. the basic rules, ideas, or skills that something is built on and that you need t
基本要素
學習或從事某事必先掌握的基礎
the basic rules, ideas, or skills that something is built on and that you need to know first before you can do or understand more advanced things
Valentina spent her first month learning the fundamentals of Mandarin grammar.
Valentina 把第一個月都花在學習中文文法的基本要素上。
fundamentals of [field of study]
A good coach focuses on the fundamentals before teaching any fancy tricks.
好的教練會先把基本要素練熟，再教任何花俏的招式。
the fundamentals before [advanced material]
The new manager wanted to get the fundamentals of the business right before expanding.
這位新經理想先把公司營運的基本要素弄好，再談擴張。
Darius and Ayesha argued for hours about the fundamentals of fair taxation.
Darius 和 Ayesha 為了公平稅制的基本要素爭論了好幾個小時。
Once you master the fundamentals of cooking, you can follow almost any recipe.
一旦掌握了烹飪的基本要素，幾乎任何食譜都做得出來。
- basics
more informal; everyday speech preferred
- essentials
stresses what is strictly necessary, not just foundational
- principles
stresses general rules or theories rather than skills
- rudiments
formal; suggests the very earliest stage of learning
- details
smaller, secondary points layered on top of the basics
文法句型
the fundamentals of [topic]
用法筆記
Almost always plural and almost always preceded by 'the'. Typically followed by 'of + [field/topic]' to name the area whose basics are meant.
常見錯誤
fundamentals — 形容詞
1. forming the most important base of something, so that without it the thing could
根本的
構成最重要基礎、缺之即無法成立
forming the most important base of something, so that without it the thing could not exist, work properly, or make sense
Trust is fundamental to any lasting friendship between two people.
信任是任何長久友誼最根本的條件。
fundamental to [noun]
Olivia believes that honesty is a fundamental part of good teaching.
Olivia 認為誠實是好老師最根本的特質之一。
a fundamental part of [noun]
There are fundamental differences between how Eitan and Nadia view the problem.
Eitan 和 Nadia 對這個問題的看法存在根本的差異。
Clean water is a fundamental human right, not a luxury.
乾淨的飲水是一項根本的人權，而不是奢侈品。
The new evidence forced the team to rethink their fundamental assumptions about the case.
新證據迫使整個團隊重新檢視他們對此案最根本的假設。
文法句型
fundamental to [noun]
fundamental + noun
用法筆記
Often used attributively before nouns like 'right, problem, question, change, difference, principle'. The 'fundamental to + noun' pattern carries the strongest 'cannot work without it' meaning.
常見錯誤
2. being the first thing from which other things grow or come — the original source
原始本源
作為其他事物的最初源頭
being the first thing from which other things grow or come — the original source rather than something later or copied
Hunger and shelter are the fundamental causes of much human migration.
飢餓與住所匱乏是許多人類遷徙的原始本源。
the fundamental cause of [noun]
Ada traced the fundamental source of the river to a small spring in the hills.
Ada 把這條河流的原始本源追溯到山中的一處小泉。
fundamental source
The fundamental motive behind Wei's decision was love for her aging mother.
Wei 做出這個決定的原始本源，是出於對年邁母親的愛。
Greed was the fundamental driver of the policies that wrecked the local fishing industry.
貪婪是那些毀掉當地漁業政策的原始本源。
- primary
stresses 'first in a sequence'; close synonym for this sense
- underlying
stresses being hidden beneath surface effects
- root
often in 'root cause'; very close to this sense
- secondary
derived from a more basic source rather than being the source
文法句型
fundamental + noun
用法筆記
Used attributively before nouns of origin or causation (cause, source, motive, reason, driver). Distinguish from sense 1: here the word names the starting point of a chain of effects, not just something that is important.
常見錯誤
3. following a strict, traditional form of a religion in which every word of the sa
基本教義派
嚴守經文字面意義的宗教派別
following a strict, traditional form of a religion in which every word of the sacred text is treated as literally true
Élise was raised in a fundamental Christian community that read the Bible literally.
Élise 在一個照字面解讀聖經的基本教義派基督徒社群中長大。
fundamental + religious community
Some fundamental religious schools refuse to teach the theory of evolution.
有些基本教義派的宗教學校拒絕教授演化論。
fundamental religious + noun
Zola wrote her thesis on how fundamental movements use modern media to recruit young members.
Zola 的論文研究基本教義派運動如何透過現代媒體吸收年輕成員。
The town's fundamental preachers attracted both loyal followers and angry critics.
鎮上那些基本教義派的傳教士既吸引死忠的追隨者，也招來憤怒的批評者。
- fundamentalist
much more common; works as both adjective and noun
- orthodox
stresses keeping to traditional teaching; less politically charged
文法句型
fundamental + religious noun
用法筆記
Always attributive and always paired with a religion-related noun (community, movement, preacher, school). In modern English the noun 'fundamentalist' is far more common for the same idea — distinguish from sense 1 (where 'fundamental' simply means 'most important').