references

IPA/ˈref.ər.əns/
KK[rˈɛfɚənsɪz]IPA/ˈref.ɚ.əns/

references — 名詞

  • referencessingular
  • referencesesplural

1. a remark or comment in which you speak about or name a particular person or thin

1.名詞B1
釋義

提及

提到某人或某事物的言論

a remark or comment in which you speak about or name a particular person or thing

例句

During the meeting, Yuna made a brief reference to the budget problem.

會議中，Yuna 簡短地提到了預算問題。

collocation: make a reference to

The article contained several references to the writer's time in Japan.

那篇文章多次提及作者在日本生活的經歷。

同義詞
  • mention

    less formal; simply stating something without elaboration

  • allusion

    more indirect; hinting at something without stating it openly

用法筆記

Often used in the pattern make a reference to someone or something.

常見錯誤

❌He said a reference about the project.
✅He made a reference to the project.
💡the correct verb is 'make' and the preposition is 'to', not 'about'.

2. a book, article, document, or person that you mention in your writing to show wh

2.名詞B1
釋義

參考文獻

寫作中引用的資料來源

a book, article, document, or person that you mention in your writing to show where you found specific information

例句

Tanvi listed every reference she used at the end of her research paper.

Tanvi 在研究報告的結尾列出了她使用的所有參考文獻。

collocation: list / cite references

The professor asked us to use at least five references for our essays.

教授要求我們的論文至少要引用五份參考文獻。

同義詞
  • source

    broader term; any place where information comes from

  • citation

    a formal reference within an academic or legal text

用法筆記

Often used attributively as a modifier: reference book, reference work, reference material.

常見錯誤

❌I found a reference of the article online.
✅I found a reference to the article online.
💡the correct preposition is 'to', not 'of'.

3. a number or short code written on a business letter or document that identifies

3.名詞B2
釋義

編號

商業文件上的聯絡編號

a number or short code written on a business letter or document that identifies who to contact or what topic the document relates to

例句

Please quote our reference number when you reply to this letter.

回覆本信時，請註明我們的參考編號。

collocation: quote / use a reference number

The invoice reference AB-3421 was printed at the top of the page.

發票參考編號 AB-3421 印在頁面頂端。

同義詞
  • reference number

    the full term for this sense

  • code

    any system of letters or numbers used to identify something

用法筆記

Common in formal correspondence; often appears as 'Ref:' or 'Our ref:' at the top of a letter.

4. a formal letter that describes your abilities and personal qualities, written by

4.名詞B1
釋義

推薦信

求學或求職用的推薦函

a formal letter that describes your abilities and personal qualities, written by a teacher or employer who can recommend you for a position or place of study

例句

Léa asked her former manager to write her a reference for the new job.

Léa 請她之前的主管為新工作寫推薦信。

collocation: write / give someone a reference

The university requires two references from teachers who know your work.

那所大學要求兩封來自熟悉你課業表現的老師的推薦信。

同義詞

用法筆記

Also called a letter of reference or a reference letter. In American English, often simply 'reference'; in British English, 'referee' can refer to the person writing it.

常見錯誤

❌I need a reference from my doctor for the job.
✅I need a reference from my former employer for the job.
💡references for jobs/courses usually come from teachers or supervisors, not medical doctors.

5. the action of looking at a book, map, document, or other information source to f

5.名詞B2
釋義

查閱

查閱書籍文件以尋找資訊

the action of looking at a book, map, document, or other information source to find facts or guidance

例句

The handbook is kept on the desk for easy reference during working hours.

手冊放在桌上，方便工作時間隨時查閱。

phrase: for easy / future reference

Kasia kept the map open for quick reference as she drove through the city.

Kasia 邊開車邊把地圖打開放在一旁，方便快速查閱。

同義詞
  • consultation

    more formal; often involves asking an expert, not just looking something up

  • look-up

    informal; refers to checking information quickly

用法筆記

Common in fixed phrases such as 'for future reference' or 'for easy reference', where it means 'so that it can be found again later'.

6. the connection that links a given term to the real-world object, idea, or situat

6.名詞C1
釋義

指涉關係

詞語與所指事物之間的關聯

the connection that links a given term to the real-world object, idea, or situation it names

例句

Linguists study the reference of words to understand how language connects to reality.

語言學家研究詞語的指涉關係，以了解語言如何連結現實。

domain: linguistics

The reference of the pronoun 'it' in a sentence depends on what came before.

代名詞「它」在句子中的指涉對象取決於前文內容。

同義詞
  • denotation

    the literal, dictionary meaning of a word as opposed to its associations

  • referent

    the actual thing or idea that a word refers to

用法筆記

Technical term in linguistics and philosophy of language. Distinguish from 'sense' — reference is about what a word points to in the world, while sense is about its meaning within the language system.

references — 動詞