reference
reference — 名詞
1. an occasion when someone speaks or writes about a particular person, thing, or i
提及；提到
在談話或文章中提及某人或某事
an occasion when someone speaks or writes about a particular person, thing, or idea, often briefly in the middle of discussing something else.
Ryan made a brief reference to the accident during his speech.
Ryan 在他的演講中簡短地提到了那起意外。
collocation: make a reference to
The article contained several references to the city's early history.
那篇文章多次提及該城市的早期歷史。
collocation: contain references to
Noor avoided any direct reference to the disagreement at the meeting.
Noor 在會議上避免直接提到那次爭執。
A reference to the scandal appeared on the front page of the newspaper.
那起醜聞的相關提及出現在報紙的頭版。
In his opening statement, the lawyer made no reference to the previous trial.
在開場陳述中，律師完全未提及先前的審判。
2. a piece of text within a book or academic paper that tells the reader which earl
引用文獻
書或論文中標明資訊出處的註記
a piece of text within a book or academic paper that tells the reader which earlier work supplied a given fact, idea, or quotation.
Each chapter in Vivek's thesis ended with a full list of references.
Vivek 的論文每一章後面都附有完整的參考文獻列表。
collocation: list of references
Sofie checked the reference at the bottom of the page to find the original study.
Sofie 查看了頁面底部的參考文獻，找到了原始研究。
The teacher told the students to include proper references for every fact they used.
老師告訴學生們，他們使用的每個事實都必須附上正確的參考來源。
Rachid found a useful reference to an old journal article in the library database.
Rachid 在圖書館資料庫中找到了一篇老期刊文章的實用引用資料。
The history textbook provides a detailed reference for each photograph it contains.
這本歷史課本為其中的每一張照片都提供了詳細的來源出處。
- citation
more precise for an in-text credit; often used interchangeably in academic contexts
- source
broader — can mean the original work itself rather than the note that points to it
- bibliography entry
more formal; refers to the full listing at the end of a document
用法筆記
Commonly used in academic contexts. The plural form "references" often appears as a section heading at the end of a paper or book.
常見錯誤
3. a number or code used on a letter, form, or package that helps people find relat
參考編號
書信或表單上用於查詢的編號或代碼
a number or code used on a letter, form, or package that helps people find related documents or quickly identify the subject being discussed.
Please quote your customer reference number when you call.
來電時請提供您的客戶參考編號。
collocation: reference number
The invoice arrived without a reference code, so the accounts team could not process it.
那張發票寄來時沒有附參考編號，所以會計部門無法處理。
All job applications must include the vacancy reference written on the advertisement.
所有求職申請都必須附上徵才廣告中列出的職缺參考編號。
Paloma wrote the project reference on the top corner of every document.
Paloma 在每份文件的右上角寫上專案參考編號。
The shipping label included a tracking reference so customers could follow their parcels.
運送標籤上附有追蹤參考編號，顧客可以查詢包裹的運送進度。
- code
more general; a reference is a specific type of code used for identification
- file number
specifically for internal organisational records
用法筆記
Frequently used in formal correspondence and business administration. Often appears as "Ref:" at the top of a letter.
4. a letter or statement that a person familiar with your background provides to su
推薦函
由了解你的人所寫的推薦函或推薦人本身
a letter or statement that a person familiar with your background provides to support your application for a job, a place at a school, or another opportunity.
Tariq asked his former manager to write him a reference for the new job.
Tariq 請他之前的主管為他寫一封新工作的推薦信。
collocation: write someone a reference
Diya's university application included two references from her teachers.
Diya 的大學申請資料中附了兩封老師寫的推薦信。
collocation: include references
Gabriel was nervous because the company called one of his references before the interview.
Gabriel 很緊張，因為公司在面試前就聯絡了他的一位推薦人。
Reema asked her professor for a reference after completing the research project.
Reema 在完成研究專題後，請她的教授寫一封推薦信。
Employers often check previous references before offering someone a permanent position.
雇主在提供正式職位之前，通常會先查核應徵者之前的推薦資料。
- recommendation
slightly more informal; 'reference' is the standard term in British English
- character reference
specifically about personal qualities rather than professional skills
用法筆記
This sense can refer either to the letter itself or to the person who writes it. When someone is asked to be "a reference," they are agreeing to speak or write on your behalf.
常見錯誤
5. the act of consulting a book, map, timetable, or similar resource to locate a fa
查閱；參考
快速翻閱書籍或資料以尋找資訊
the act of consulting a book, map, timetable, or similar resource to locate a fact or confirm a detail.
Maeve kept a dictionary on her desk for easy reference while writing essays.
Maeve 在桌上放了一本字典，方便寫文章時查閱。
collocation: for easy reference
The manual is meant for quick reference and does not cover every situation.
這本手冊僅供快速查閱，並未涵蓋所有情況。
collocation: quick reference
A good cook rarely needs to make reference to a recipe book more than once.
好的廚師很少需要翻閱食譜書超過一次。
Théo pulled a map from the shelf for reference during the hiking trip planning.
Théo 從書架上拿了一張地圖，準備在規劃健行行程時參考查閱。
The carpenter kept a measuring chart on the wall for quick reference at his workbench.
那位木匠在工作檯旁的牆上貼了一張測量表，方便快速查閱。
- consultation
more formal; suggests a more thorough look rather than a quick check
- look-up
informal; used for checking a single fact in a reference work
用法筆記
Often appears in fixed phrases like "for reference," "for future reference," and "quick reference." These phrases typically describe a book or resource kept nearby for occasional checking.
reference — 動詞
1. to speak or write about a particular person, thing, or piece of information, esp
提及；援引
在討論中提到某人、某事或資訊
to speak or write about a particular person, thing, or piece of information, especially when doing so briefly in the middle of a larger discussion.
Kofi referenced a study from Japan when he argued for better public transport.
Kofi 在主張改善大眾運輸時，援引了一份日本的研究。
The report referenced several meetings that had taken place earlier in the year.
該報告提到了年內較早時候舉行的幾場會議。
pattern: reference + noun phrase (meetings, events)
Joaquín referenced his grandmother's cooking when describing the flavours of the dish.
Joaquín 在描述那道菜的風味時，提到了他祖母的烹飪手藝。
Niran referenced a newspaper article while making his case at the town hall meeting.
Niran 在鎮民大會的發言中，引用了一篇報紙文章來佐證他的論點。
The teacher referenced a well-known poem to help the class understand the theme of loss.
老師引用了一首知名詩作，幫助全班理解關於失落的主題。
文法句型
reference + noun phrase
用法筆記
More formal than "mention." Common in business and academic writing where precision about sources is valued.
2. to state the title, author, and publishing details of a book, article, or other
標明出處
在寫作中註明資訊的來源出處
to state the title, author, and publishing details of a book, article, or other work within a text, so that readers can trace the origin of the information.
Putri carefully referenced every academic paper she used in her dissertation.
Putri 在論文中仔細標明了每一篇學術論文的出處。
pattern: reference + paper/study/source
The author failed to reference a key study that contradicted her main argument.
該作者沒有引用一項與她主要論點相矛盾的重要研究。
Students must learn how to reference websites and online articles correctly.
學生必須學會如何正確標註網站和線上文章的來源。
Yael asked her supervisor how to reference a government report in her bibliography.
Yael 詢問她的指導教授，如何在參考文獻中引用一份政府報告。
The journal requires authors to reference all data sources according to APA style guidelines.
這本期刊要求作者依據 APA 格式標註所有資料來源。
- cite
the more common verb in academic English; 'reference' as a verb is more typical in British English
- acknowledge
broader meaning; includes thanking someone rather than just listing a source
文法句型
reference + noun phrase (source)
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in academic and professional writing. Students are often taught a specific referencing style such as APA, MLA, or Chicago.
3. to deliberately include features, shapes, or ideas from an earlier artist, desig
借鑑；致敬
在設計或藝術創作中融入前人風格以示影響
to deliberately include features, shapes, or ideas from an earlier artist, designer, or movement in a new creative work as a way of showing its influence or paying tribute.
The architect referenced traditional Japanese temple design in the new library building.
這位建築師在新圖書館的設計中借鑑了傳統日式寺廟的風格。
pattern: reference + design/style/movement
The film's opening scene references a famous painting from the Renaissance period.
那部電影的開場畫面致敬了一幅文藝復興時期的著名畫作。
Fashion designers often reference the styles of past decades in their collections.
時裝設計師經常在系列作品中借鑑過去幾十年的風格。
Aylin's ceramic sculpture references the curved shapes found in traditional Korean pottery.
Aylin 的陶瓷雕塑借鑑了傳統韓國陶器中常見的曲線造型。
The album cover references a poster from a 1960s music festival in California.
那張專輯封面致敬了一張 1960 年代加州音樂節的海報。
- allude to
broader; can apply to any indirect mention, not just in art or design
- draw from
suggests borrowing ideas more than simply showing influence
- pay homage to
adds a respectful tone that 'reference' does not necessarily carry
文法句型
reference + something (in design/art)
用法筆記
This sense is specialised to creative fields. The referenced work is usually well-known, and the audience is expected to recognise the connection.
reference — 形容詞
1. placed before a noun to describe a book, document, piece of equipment, or simila
參考用
用來形容設計為查閱資訊的物品
placed before a noun to describe a book, document, piece of equipment, or similar item that is kept or designed to be consulted for information rather than read from beginning to end.
The library keeps a collection of reference books on the ground floor.
圖書館在一樓收藏了一批參考書籍。
attributive use: reference books
A good atlas is an essential reference tool for any geography student.
一本好的地圖集是地理系學生不可或缺的參考工具。
attributive use: reference tool
The nurse kept a reference chart of common medications near her desk.
那位護士在桌上放了一張常見藥物的參考表。
Felix bought a reference guide on car engines before starting his repair course.
Felix 在開始修車課程之前，買了一本汽車引擎的參考指南。
The photographer carried a small reference card with recommended camera settings.
那位攝影師帶了一張小型的參考卡，上面寫著建議的相機設定。
用法筆記
The adjective form always appears before a noun (attributive position). Common noun partners include "book," "material," "guide," "manual," and "work."