specialization
/ˌspeʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌspeʃələˈzeɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌspe-sh(ə-)lə-ˈzā-shən/ (ame, mw)
specialization — 名詞
- specializationsingular
- specializationsplural
1. the act of directing your effort and time toward one field of work or study so t
專業領域；專門化
某人的專門知識或研究領域
the act of directing your effort and time toward one field of work or study so that you become highly skilled in it; also, one specific subject or skill area that a person focuses on
Dr. Nora Chen spent five years in residency before choosing cardiology as her specialization.
Nora Chen 醫師在住院醫師訓練後花了五年時間，最終選擇心臟科作為她的專業領域。
specialization + as + [field] for choosing a focus area
The university offers a wide range of specializations in engineering, from civil to aerospace.
這所大學提供從土木到航太等多種工程專業領域。
range of specializations; plural countable use
After two years of general training, the nurses chose a specialization for their final year of study.
經過兩年的通科訓練後，這些護理師在最後一年選擇了一項專業領域。
Amara's specialization in ancient Chinese pottery made her the leading expert at the National Palace Museum.
Amara 對古代中國陶器的專門研究使她成為國立故宮博物院的首席專家。
The company's narrow specialization in one product line became a weakness when the market shifted.
這家公司過度專門化於單一產品線，在市場轉變時成了弱點。
- expertise
focuses on the level of skill and knowledge achieved, rather than the process or chosen area
- specialty
more common in American English; refers to the particular area itself, not the process
- concentration
used mainly in US academic contexts for a focused course of study within a degree program
- generalization
the opposite process of covering broad knowledge instead of focusing on one area
文法句型
specialization + in + [field]
a/the + specialization
用法筆記
Both countable and uncountable uses are common. Use the uncountable form when referring to the process ('the trend toward specialization') and the countable form when naming a specific area ('She chose a specialization in oncology').
常見錯誤
2. in biology, the process by which a body part or an organism gradually changes ov
特化
生物構造的特定功能適應
in biology, the process by which a body part or an organism gradually changes over time so that it can perform a specific function or survive better in a particular environment
The long beak of a hummingbird is a specialization that allows it to reach nectar inside deep flowers.
蜂鳥的長喙是一種特化構造，讓牠能伸入深處花朵吸取花蜜。
[body part] + is a + specialization + that allows + [function]
Arctic foxes show remarkable specialization for freezing temperatures through their thick fur and small ears.
北極狐透過厚毛和小耳朵展現出對嚴寒環境的顯著特化。
specialization + for + [environment/condition]
In biology class, the students studied how the human eye's specialization for detecting movement helped early humans hunt.
在生物課上，學生們研究人類眼睛對運動偵測的特化如何幫助早期人類狩獵。
Cacti display strong specialization for dry climates by storing water in their thick stems and reducing leaf surface area.
仙人掌透過肥厚莖部儲水和減少葉片表面積，展現出對乾燥氣候的強烈特化。
- adaptation
broader term covering all evolutionary adjustments; 'specialization' implies a more narrow, fine-tuned change
- evolutionary modification
more technical and explicit; used in formal scientific writing
文法句型
[body part/organism] shows + specialization + for + [function/environment]
a + specialization + of + [body part]
用法筆記
In biology writing this term is almost always uncountable when describing the general evolutionary process ('the specialization of limbs for walking'), but countable when referring to a specific adapted feature ('a specialization of the forelimb'). The domain label ('biology') is essential to distinguish this sense from the everyday meaning.