struggle
struggle — 名詞
- strugglesingular
- strugglesplural
1. something that demands a lot of physical or mental effort to accomplish or get t
難事
需要極大努力才能完成的事
something that demands a lot of physical or mental effort to accomplish or get through — for example, completing a long project while short on time, or raising children on a tight budget.
Nila found learning Chinese characters a real struggle at first.
Nila 一開始覺得學習中文字是一件真正的難事。
collocation: 'a real struggle'
For the refugee family, finding safe housing was a daily struggle.
對這戶難民家庭來說，找到安全的住處是每天的掙扎。
collocation: 'a daily struggle'
Running a small restaurant during the recession proved to be a struggle.
在經濟衰退期間經營一家小餐館證實是一項挑戰。
The team's struggle to meet the tight deadline tested everyone's patience.
團隊為了趕上緊迫的截止日期而奮鬥，考驗了每個人的耐心。
Getting the old car up the steep gravel road was quite a struggle.
把老舊的車子開上那條陡峭的碎石路相當費力。
文法句型
a struggle
be a struggle
用法筆記
Commonly used with the indefinite article 'a' ('it was a struggle'). In everyday conversation, 'it's a struggle' is a fixed expression for describing anything that is hard to do.
常見錯誤
2. a situation in which people or groups oppose each other with physical force, arg
鬥爭
人與人或群體間的衝突或對抗
a situation in which people or groups oppose each other with physical force, arguments, or competing aims — for example, two political parties competing for control, or an individual wrestling with a difficult moral decision.
The struggle between the two political parties grew more bitter each month.
兩個政黨之間的鬥爭每個月都變得更加激烈。
pattern: 'struggle between [groups]'
Léa's internal struggle with guilt kept her awake at night.
Léa 內心的罪惡感掙扎讓她整晚無法入睡。
pattern: 'internal struggle'
The power struggle within the company led to several resignations.
公司內部的權力鬥爭導致了幾位經理辭職。
Activists described the protests as a struggle for basic human rights.
社運人士稱這些抗議是爭取基本人權的鬥爭。
The novel follows one family's struggle against social injustice in the 1930s.
這部小說講述了一個家庭在 1930 年代對抗社會不公的鬥爭。
文法句型
struggle between [plural noun]
struggle for [goal]
struggle against [opposition]
常見錯誤
3. a determined attempt to push forward, improve, or overcome an obstacle through i
奮鬥
強烈而堅定的努力或奮力追求
a determined attempt to push forward, improve, or overcome an obstacle through intense physical or mental exertion — for example, an athlete's effort to finish a race despite injury, or an immigrant's effort to build a new life in a foreign country.
His struggle to finish the marathon inspired everyone who watched.
他奮力跑完馬拉松的精神鼓舞了所有觀眾。
pattern: 'possessive + struggle + to-infinitive'
The mountaineer's upward struggle against the freezing wind seemed hopeless.
登山者頂著寒風奮力向上的努力似乎沒有盡頭。
pattern: 'struggle against [obstacle]'
Apinya's struggle to master English paid off after two years of classes.
Apinya 苦讀了兩年英文，終於有了回報。
The prisoner's heroic struggle to escape took months of careful planning.
那名囚犯英勇逃獄的奮鬥計畫了數月之久。
- ease
effortless accomplishment; the opposite of strong exertion
文法句型
possessive + struggle + to-infinitive
possessive + struggle + against
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (VERY DIFFICULT TASK): sense 1 describes the task itself as hard ('finding a job was a struggle'), while sense 3 emphasizes the person's determined striving ('his struggle to find work showed great courage').
struggle — 動詞
- strugglepresent simple I / you / we / they
- struggleshe / she / it
- struggledpast simple
- struggling-ing form
1. to put in a great deal of effort when facing difficulties or obstacles — for exa
努力；奮力
竭盡全力嘗試做困難的事
to put in a great deal of effort when facing difficulties or obstacles — for example, struggling to grasp a new subject you find confusing, struggling with a heavy workload at the office, or struggling to stay calm when you feel angry or upset.
William struggled to understand the advanced physics lecture on quantum theory.
William 努力理解那堂關於量子理論的進階物理課。
pattern: 'struggle to + infinitive'
The young chef struggled to keep her restaurant open during the economic crisis.
那位年輕的廚師在經濟危機期間努力讓餐廳繼續營業。
Walid struggled with his maths homework late into the cold winter night.
Walid 在寒冷的冬夜裡努力完成他的數學作業。
Many university students struggle to balance part-time jobs with their studies.
許多大學生努力在兼職工作和學業之間取得平衡。
Sivan struggled to control her temper when the customer was rude to her.
Sivan 在顧客對她無禮時努力控制自己的脾氣。
- coast
to make progress with little or no effort
- sail through
informal; to do something very easily
文法句型
struggle to + infinitive
struggle with [task/problem]
用法筆記
The object of the effort is introduced by 'to' + infinitive ('struggle to finish') or 'with' + noun ('struggle with a decision'). 'Struggle against' is rarer in this sense and usually implies fighting an external obstacle.
常見錯誤
2. to move your body with difficulty, often because you are tired, injured, or the
艱難移動
費力地移動身體
to move your body with difficulty, often because you are tired, injured, or the surface or space makes progress hard — for example, struggling through deep snow, struggling up a steep hill, or struggling out of a tight space.
Yan struggled through the deep snow to reach the village shop before dark.
Yan 在深雪中奮力前進，趕在天黑前到達村莊的商店。
pattern: 'struggle through [terrain]'
The injured bird struggled to lift itself off the wet ground.
那隻受傷的鳥兒掙扎著想從潮濕的地面上飛起來。
Rafael struggled up the rocky path with a heavy bag strapped to his back.
Rafael 背著沉重的袋子，吃力地爬上了那條岩石遍布的小徑。
Élise struggled out of the narrow window to escape the burning house.
Élise 從狹窄的窗戶吃力地爬出來，逃出著火的房子。
- glide
smooth, effortless movement
文法句型
struggle through/up/out of/across [space]
用法筆記
This sense is almost always followed by a directional prepositional phrase (through, up, out of, across, along). Without the direction, the meaning shifts to sense 1 (trying hard).
3. to be in a situation where you are likely to fail, be defeated, or not survive —
掙扎
處於可能失敗或無法繼續的險境
to be in a situation where you are likely to fail, be defeated, or not survive — for example, a business struggling to stay open, a marriage struggling to survive constant arguments, or a species struggling to avoid extinction.
The small family farm struggled to survive after three years of drought.
那戶小農場在連續三年乾旱後掙扎求存。
pattern: 'struggle to survive'
Lauren's marriage was struggling under the weight of constant disagreements.
Lauren 的婚姻在持續不斷的爭吵壓力下苦苦掙扎。
pattern: 'struggling marriage / relationship'
The local theatre group struggled to attract audiences for its new play.
當地劇團努力吸引觀眾來看他們的新戲。
Without new investment, the technology company struggled to stay competitive.
在沒有新投資的情況下，這家科技公司苦苦支撐著想維持競爭力。
- thrive
to grow and succeed strongly
文法句型
struggle to + infinitive (survive / stay afloat / keep up)
用法筆記
Unlike 'fail', which marks an end point, 'struggle' describes the ongoing difficulty before failure. The verb is often used in the progressive aspect ('is struggling', 'was struggling'). Common subjects include businesses, relationships, institutions, and species.
常見錯誤
4. to use your body, especially your arms and hands, to fight against someone who i
扭打；搏鬥
用手腳與人打鬥或掙脫
to use your body, especially your arms and hands, to fight against someone who is trying to hold you, restrain you, or take something from you — for example, struggling with an attacker, or struggling to get free from a tight hold.
The two boys struggled briefly before the teacher stepped in to separate them.
兩個男孩短暫扭打了起來，老師才上前把他們拉開。
pattern: 'struggle with [someone]'
Felix struggled with the attacker and managed to free one of his hands.
Felix 與攻擊者搏鬥，成功掙脫了一隻手。
The security guard and the intruder struggled over the stolen documents.
保全人員和闖入者為了那份被偷的文件扭打起來。
Tunde struggled to escape from the ropes that held his wrists together.
Tunde 努力掙脫綁住他手腕的繩子。
- surrender
to stop fighting and give up
文法句型
struggle with [someone]
struggle over [something]
struggle to escape
用法筆記
This sense is typically used for brief physical encounters using arms and hands, not prolonged combat with weapons. It differs from 'fight' (which can involve weapons or sustained violence) and 'wrestle' (which refers to a specific sport or controlled grappling).
常見錯誤
5. to put great energy into opposing something or advancing a cause, especially whe
抗爭；對抗
極力反對或阻止某事
to put great energy into opposing something or advancing a cause, especially when the outcome matters greatly — for example, struggling against an unfair law, struggling for better working conditions, or struggling to halt the spread of a deadly illness.
The local community struggled against the plan to build a factory near the school.
當地社區強烈反對在學校附近蓋工廠的計畫。
pattern: 'struggle against [proposal/injustice]'
Scientists around the world struggle to find a cure for the tropical disease.
世界各地的科學家都在努力找出這種熱帶疾病的治療方法。
The new government struggled against corruption across all state institutions.
新政府在所有國家機構中打擊腐敗。
Activists have been struggling for many years to protect the rainforest ecosystem.
社運人士多年來一直努力保護雨林生態系統。
文法句型
struggle against [injustice/disease/problem]
struggle for [cause/justice/change]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (TRY HARD): sense 1 focuses on personal difficulty ('I struggled to hear him'), while sense 5 has a target that you oppose or defend ('they struggled against the new policy'). The preposition 'against' or 'for' signals this sense.