stubbornness
/ˈstʌbənnəs/ (bre, ipa) · [stˈʌbɚnnəs] /ˈstʌbərnnəs/ (ame, ipa) · [stˈʌbɚnnəs] /-n(n)ə̇s/ (ame, mw)
stubbornness — 名詞
1. a trait shown by someone who sticks firmly to their own decisions or goals and r
固執；堅毅
拒絕改變想法或計畫的性格
a trait shown by someone who sticks firmly to their own decisions or goals and refuses to be persuaded to change course.
Kemi's stubbornness helped her finish the marathon despite her injured knee.
Kemi 的堅毅幫助她完成了馬拉松，儘管膝蓋受傷了。
stubbornness as a positive driving force
Rachel showed remarkable stubbornness in refusing to accept the unfair settlement offer.
Rachel 表現出驚人的固執，拒絕接受不公平的和解條件。
stubbornness in + V-ing
Years of stubbornness and hard work finally got the artist a gallery show.
多年的堅持與努力，終於讓這位藝術家獲得畫展的機會。
Some people call it stubbornness, but Tara prefers to think of it as determination.
有些人稱之為固執，但 Tara 寧願將它視為決心。
Dario's stubbornness meant he would keep fixing the engine until it ran perfectly.
Dario 就是這麼固執，他會一直修理引擎，直到它順暢運轉為止。
- determination
always positive; has no negative connotation unlike stubbornness
- persistence
suggests continuing effort despite difficulty; more neutral
- tenacity
emphasises holding on firmly; usually positive
- obstinacy
more negative; suggests unreasonable refusal to change
- flexibility
willingness to change or adapt
- compliance
tendency to agree with others
文法句型
stubbornness + to-infinitive
stubbornness in + noun/-ing
用法筆記
Frequently used with a possessive (her stubbornness, his stubbornness) or followed by in + noun/gerund (stubbornness in defending one's views). This sense can be either positive when praising persistence, or mildly negative when describing an unwillingness to compromise — context determines the tone.
常見錯誤
2. how strongly an object, problem, stain, or condition resists every attempt to re
頑固；難治
難以移動、改變或處理的性質
how strongly an object, problem, stain, or condition resists every attempt to remove it, change it, or make it go away.
Manuela tried bleach on the shirt, but the stubbornness of the grass stain defeated her.
Manuela 用漂白水清洗襯衫，但草漬的頑固程度讓她投降了。
stubbornness of + concrete noun (stain)
The stubbornness of the old lock forced them to call a locksmith after an hour.
那把舊鎖太頑固了，他們弄了一個小時後只好找鎖匠來。
Doctors were surprised by the stubbornness of the infection, which returned even after strong medicine.
醫生對感染的頑固程度感到驚訝，即使用了強效藥物，感染仍然復發。
The stubbornness of local winter weather makes driving dangerous for weeks at a time.
當地冬季天氣的頑固惡劣，讓道路好幾週都處於危險狀態。
Lakshmi knew the stubbornness of her smoking habit would take more than willpower to break.
Lakshmi 明白，光靠意志力無法改掉她根深蒂固的抽菸習慣。
- resistance
broader term; used for physical opposition or immunity
- persistence
can describe a problem or condition that continues
- tenacity
less common for objects; more about a quality that clings
- obduracy
formal; suggests something very hard and unyielding
- malleability
ease of being shaped or changed
- fragility
tendency to break rather than resist
文法句型
the stubbornness of + noun
用法筆記
Almost always takes the pattern the stubbornness of + noun. Unlike sense 1, this sense cannot describe a person's character directly — it describes the quality of a thing (stain, problem, habit, condition) that refuses to go away or change. Never used with a possessive pronoun in this sense.