obstinately
obstinately — 副詞
1. describing how a person will not change their opinion or behaviour even when giv
固執地
不聽勸告地堅持己見
describing how a person will not change their opinion or behaviour even when given good reasons to do so, acting unreasonably by holding on to their own position.
Bilal obstinately refused to wear a coat even though the temperature had dropped below zero.
Bilal 固執地拒絕穿外套，儘管氣溫已經降到零度以下。
collocation: obstinately refuse
The old fisherman obstinately insisted that the best fishing spot was around the northern bay.
那位老漁夫固執地堅持說，最好的釣魚點仍在北部海灣附近。
collocation: obstinately insist
Naoko obstinately kept repeating the same argument long after everyone else had moved on.
Naoko 固執地一再重複同樣的論點，儘管其他人都已轉而討論別的話題。
It was clear the plan would fail, but Diego obstinately pushed ahead with it anyway.
明知道這計畫會失敗，Diego 還是固執地繼續推行。
- stubbornly
more common in everyday speech, same meaning
- pigheadedly
stronger negative tone, informal
- persistently
more neutral; does not carry the 'unreasonable' judgement
文法句型
obstinately + verb phrase
obstinately + adjective
用法筆記
Frequently paired with verbs of speech or action: 'refuse', 'insist', 'maintain', 'continue', or 'push ahead'. The unreasonableness is typically implied by the context — the person has been given good reasons to change but does not.
常見錯誤
2. used when describing something that continues to exist or happen, defying all ef
難解決
難以改變或對付地
used when describing something that continues to exist or happen, defying all efforts to control, get rid of, or solve it — said of problems, illnesses, stains, or situations that resist treatment or effort.
The red wine stain remained obstinately visible on the white tablecloth after three washes.
那塊紅酒漬洗了三次仍然頑固地留在白色桌布上。
obstinately + adjective: obstinately visible
Kenji's fever stayed obstinately high despite two rounds of antibiotics.
Kenji 的發燒在用了兩輪抗生素之後仍然頑固地居高不下。
obstinately + adjective: obstinately high
Traffic crept along at an obstinately slow pace for the entire ten-kilometre stretch of roadworks.
車流在長達十公里的施工路段上以極慢的速度行進，寸步難行。
The garden gate remained obstinately stuck no matter how much oil Felix sprayed into it.
那座花園大門不管 Felix 噴了多少潤滑油，依然頑固地卡住不動。
- persistently
neutral register, no connotation of being unreasonable
- tenaciously
suggests gripping power, slightly more formal
文法句型
obstinately + adjective (describing a problem)
obstinately + verb of persistence
用法筆記
Commonly combines with adjectives that describe a persistent state: 'high' (fever), 'visible' (stain), 'slow' (speed), 'stuck' (object). The subject is typically a thing or situation, not a person.
常見錯誤
obstinately — 形容詞
- obstinatelypositive
- more obstinatelycomparative
- most obstinatelysuperlative
1. sticking firmly to your own opinion, plan, or way of behaving, and refusing to c
固執的
堅持己見不聽勸告的
sticking firmly to your own opinion, plan, or way of behaving, and refusing to change it even when other people give good reasons or when it causes problems.
Amihan was an obstinate child who would not leave the playground without finishing her puzzle.
Amihan 是個固執的小孩，拼圖沒拼完就不肯離開遊樂場。
obstinate modifies noun (person)
The obstinate old man refused to let the doctor examine his injured wrist.
那位固執的老人不肯讓醫生檢查他受傷的手腕。
Tariro's obstinate silence during the meeting made everyone feel uncomfortable.
Tariro 在會議上固執地保持沉默，讓所有人都感到不自在。
Even after failing the test twice, Jason's obstinate determination to become a pilot never faded.
即使考試失敗了兩次，Jason 想成為飛行員的固執決心絲毫沒有減退。
- stubborn
more common in everyday English, same core meaning
- headstrong
emphasises doing what one wants regardless of advice
- unyielding
more formal, often used in writing
- intransigent
very formal, usually about political or organisational positions
文法句型
obstinate + noun (person)
be + obstinate
用法筆記
This sense applies to people and their attitudes. It carries a mildly negative judgement — the person is being unreasonable, not just firm. Compare 'determined', which is positive or neutral.
常見錯誤
2. very difficult to control, cure, remove, or overcome — used of a problem, illnes
頑固的
難以解決或消除的
very difficult to control, cure, remove, or overcome — used of a problem, illness, stain, or obstacle that continues to exist despite effort or treatment.
Doctors described the infection as an obstinate case that did not respond to standard antibiotics.
醫師表示這是一個頑固的感染病例，標準抗生素對它無效。
obstinate modifies noun (case of illness)
The council faced an obstinate shortage of affordable housing in the city centre.
市議會面臨市中心可負擔住宅嚴重短缺的頑固問題。
Grass grew through every crack in the pavement — an obstinate weed that kept coming back.
雜草從人行道的每一道裂縫中長出來——那是種怎麼拔都還會再長出來的頑固雜草。
Corruption remained an obstinate problem in the region despite years of reform efforts.
儘管經過多年的改革努力，貪腐仍然是該地區一個頑固的問題。
- stubborn
more common; works for things and people
- persistent
neutral register, no negative judgement
- intractable
very formal, common in academic or medical writing
- treatable
opposite for illnesses
- manageable
opposite for problems or situations
文法句型
obstinate + noun (problem, disease, stain)
用法筆記
This sense does NOT describe people. Use it for things: diseases, stains, weeds, economic problems, bureaucratic hurdles. Distinguish from Sense 1 (which is about a person's character) by checking whether the noun is a person or a thing.