surpluses
surpluses — 名詞
- surplusessingular
- surplusesesplural
1. amounts of goods, materials, or other things left after enough has already been
過剩；剩餘
需求滿足後多出的數量
amounts of goods, materials, or other things left after enough has already been kept or used
After harvest, the village stored surpluses of rice in metal bins.
收成後，村子把過剩的稻米裝進金屬桶裡。
collocation: rice surpluses after harvest
The shelter donated surpluses of winter coats to smaller towns nearby.
收容所把剩餘的冬季外套捐給附近較小的城鎮。
By June, the clinic still had surpluses of masks in two cupboards.
到了六月，那家診所的兩個櫥櫃裡仍有剩餘的口罩。
A mild winter left local shops with surpluses of heaters they could not sell.
暖冬讓本地商店留下賣不掉的暖氣機剩餘存貨。
- excess
Broader and often more negative in tone.
- oversupply
More common in business or market contexts.
- shortage
Means there is less than is needed.
文法句型
surpluses of something
用法筆記
Usually appears with a noun naming the goods or materials that remain after use or sale.
2. amounts of money left when a government, business, or country receives more than
盈餘；順差
收入高於支出的金額
amounts of money left when a government, business, or country receives more than it spends
Two strong summers gave the town budget surpluses for road repairs.
連續兩個夏天收入不錯，讓小鎮有了可用於修路的預算盈餘。
finance: budget surpluses for public spending
Export sales created trade surpluses that funded new port equipment.
出口銷售帶來的貿易順差，為港口的新設備提供了資金。
finance: trade surpluses from exports
After tuition payments arrived early, the college used May surpluses to replace old lab chairs.
學費提早入帳後，那所學院用五月的盈餘更換舊實驗室椅子。
Several oil-rich states used last year's surpluses to reduce debt.
幾個產油國利用去年的盈餘來減少債務。
- deficit
Means spending is greater than income.
文法句型
budget surpluses
trade surpluses
用法筆記
Most often used with budget or trade and usually refers to public, national, or business accounts.