torus
torus — 名詞
- torussingular
- torusesplural
1. In mathematics, a surface shaped like a ring or a doughnut — formed by spinning
環面
幾何學中的圓環狀曲面
In mathematics, a surface shaped like a ring or a doughnut — formed by spinning a circle around a line that lies outside the circle, so that the result is a tube with a hole through its centre.
Tomás drew a torus in class by rotating a circle around a larger one.
Tomás 在課堂上將一個圓圈繞著另一個更大的圓圈旋轉，畫出了一個環面。
geometry context — torus as a 3D shape
A bagel is a familiar torus — a ring with a hole through the middle.
貝果就是一個熟悉的環面實例——一個中間有洞的環狀物。
real-world comparison: food shaped like a torus
A lifebuoy ring has a torus shape with a hollow centre and a round tube.
救生圈具有環面的形狀，中心中空，外圍是圓形管狀結構。
Yan built a wire model of a torus for her university physics project.
Yan 用鐵絲彎出了一個環面的立體模型，作為大學物理課的專題作業。
A torus surface cannot be pressed flat onto a table without cutting it.
環面的表面若不加切割，是無法壓平在桌面上的。
文法句型
a torus
the torus
plural: tori or toruses
用法筆記
The plural can be either 'tori' (formal, academic) or 'toruses' (less common). In topology, 'torus' also refers to the entire solid shape (the 'solid torus').
2. In architecture, a thick, rounded ridge that wraps around the bottom part of a s
柱礎圓突
柱基部的圓形線腳裝飾
In architecture, a thick, rounded ridge that wraps around the bottom part of a stone column, sitting just above the flat square base piece (called the plinth).
The ancient Greek column had a wide torus at its base, just above the plinth.
這根古希臘柱子的底部，就在柱基座的上方，有一個寬闊的柱礎圓突。
architecture context — torus at column base above plinth
Hoa pointed out the torus molding on a stone pillar at the old courthouse entrance.
Hoa 指出舊法院大門口石柱上的那個柱礎圓突線腳。
João ran a finger along the smooth torus of a Roman column base.
João 用手指沿著一根羅馬柱基座上平滑的柱礎圓突劃過。
Students measured the height of the torus on each Ionic column in the hall.
建築系的學生在博物館大廳裡測量每根愛奧尼柱式柱子上柱礎圓突的高度。
The carver shaped the torus around the base of the marble pillar with a chisel.
石雕師傅用鑿子仔細地在大理石柱基部刻出了柱礎圓突的造型。
- convex molding
Describes the shape category — all torus moldings are convex, but not all convex moldings are tori.
文法句型
a torus
the torus
torus molding
用法筆記
A torus is a convex (outward-curving) molding. It is typically the lowest molding in a classical column base. Do not confuse it with a 'scotia', which is a concave (inward-curving) molding also found in column bases.
3. In anatomy, a smooth, rounded bulge on a person's bone — for example, a hard rid
骨隆突
骨骼表面的圓形隆起
In anatomy, a smooth, rounded bulge on a person's bone — for example, a hard ridge that some people have on the roof of their mouth or on the inner side of their lower jaw.
The dentist noticed a small torus on the roof of the patient's mouth.
牙醫在檢查時注意到病人上顎有一個小小的骨隆突。
dental/medical context — torus on palate
Amelia's X-ray showed a smooth torus on her lower jaw near the premolar teeth.
Amelia 的 X 光片顯示她的下頜骨靠近前臼齒處有一個平滑的骨隆突。
At a check-up, Dr. Park found a torus on Kemi's palate and said it was harmless.
在一次檢查中，Park 醫師發現 Kemi 的上顎有一個骨隆突，並說這是良性的。
Gabriel's dental examination revealed a bony torus behind his upper front teeth.
Gabriel 的牙科檢查發現他的上排門牙後方有一個骨骼隆突。
The oral surgeon explained that a mandibular torus is a normal variation of bone structure.
口腔外科醫生解釋說，下頜骨隆突只是一種正常的骨骼結構變異。
- protuberance
More general medical term for any bump on a bone; 'torus' specifically describes a smooth, rounded type.
- bony ridge
Describes the elongated shape when the torus runs along a bone instead of being a single bump.
文法句型
a torus
torus on [body part]
plural: tori
用法筆記
The most common anatomical tori are the torus palatinus (on the roof of the mouth) and the torus mandibularis (on the inner side of the lower jaw). These growths are benign and usually symptomless.