turbulence

/ˈtɜːbjələns/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈtɜːrbjələns/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈtər-byə-lən(t)s/ (ame, mw)

1.名詞B2

釋義

動盪；混亂

社會、政治等混亂不安的狀態

an unstable and confused situation within a society, organization, or system, marked by sudden changes, fierce disagreements, or violent conflict

例句

The country experienced political turbulence after the election results were challenged.

選舉結果受到質疑後，該國經歷了政治動盪。

collocation: political turbulence

Economic turbulence forced the factory to lay off hundreds of workers.

經濟動盪迫使工廠裁員數百名工人。

collocation: economic turbulence

同義詞

chaos
stronger and less formal; suggests total confusion with no control
upheaval
similar formality; focuses on a sudden and violent change that disrupts normal life
instability
describes a lack of steadiness rather than active disorder

反義詞

turbulence + in + noun phrase

More formal than 'chaos' or 'mess'. Often used with nouns like 'political', 'economic', or 'social' to specify the area of disorder.

2.名詞B2

釋義

亂流；湍流

空氣或水流不規則的強烈波動

sudden, irregular movements of air or water that make things shake or move roughly

例句

The sudden turbulence threw luggage from the overhead bins onto the floor.

突如其來的亂流把行李從頭頂行李艙甩到了地板上。

collocation: sudden turbulence

The turbulence over the mountains jolted the plane so hard that Dario spilled his coffee.

山上空的那陣亂流讓飛機猛地一沉，Dario 的咖啡都灑了出來。

同義詞

rough air
informal term used specifically for bumpy conditions on a plane
buffeting
more technical; describes repeated strong impacts from wind or water against something

反義詞

turbulence + in + noun phrase

Most commonly used for air travel. Can describe any fluid (air, water, gas) but to most English speakers it first suggests a bumpy plane ride.

turbulence — 名詞