criminality
/ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌkrɪmɪˈnæləti/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌkri-mə-ˈna-lə-tē/ (ame, mw)
criminality — 名詞
1. crime or lawbreaking seen as a general pattern in a place, group, or period
犯罪情況
某地或某群體中的犯罪整體狀況
crime or lawbreaking seen as a general pattern in a place, group, or period
Police reports showed rising criminality around the bus station after dark.
警方報告顯示，天黑後公車站周邊的犯罪情況正在上升。
rise in criminality in a place
Arjun said the new camera system cut criminality in his apartment block.
Arjun 說，新監視系統讓他住的大樓犯罪情況減少了。
criminality in + place
Shop owners blamed late-night drinking for the criminality in the old market.
店主把老市場裡的犯罪情況歸咎於深夜飲酒。
After the factory closed, the town saw more criminality among bored teenagers.
工廠關閉後，鎮上無所事事的青少年涉入犯罪的情況變多了。
- crime
the broad everyday word; criminality sounds more formal and often refers to an overall pattern
- lawbreaking
focuses on breaking rules or laws, often in a more direct and less statistical way
- offending
used especially in social research and criminal justice writing about repeated criminal acts
- lawfulness
emphasizes obeying the law rather than patterns of crime
文法句型
criminality in + place
criminality among + group
rise in criminality
用法筆記
Usually refers to crime as a wider social problem, not to one single act. It often appears in reports about a district, time period, or group.
2. the quality of breaking the law, used when judging whether an act, order, or sys
違法性
某行為或措施是否構成犯罪的性質
the quality of breaking the law, used when judging whether an act, order, or system should be treated as criminal
The judge questioned the criminality of the search because officers had no warrant.
法官質疑這次搜索的違法性，因為警員沒有搜索票。
criminality of + noun in legal judgment
Ada asked about the criminality of copying the exam answers and selling them online.
Ada 問到，把考題答案複製後放到網路上販售是否具有違法性。
criminality of + -ing form
Historians still argue about the criminality of the orders given that night.
歷史學家至今仍在爭論當晚那些命令的違法性。
The report examined the criminality of the landlord's threats to the family.
報告檢視了房東威脅那家人這件事的違法性。
- illegality
the closest legal term; more direct and more common in legal writing
- unlawfulness
formal and slightly broader, often used for acts, decisions, or procedures
- criminal character
highlights that the act should be treated as criminal, not merely improper
- legality
focuses on whether something is allowed by law
文法句型
criminality of + noun
question the criminality of + action
用法筆記
Often followed by of + noun or an -ing form when judging whether something is legally wrong. Distinguish from sense 1, which focuses on the amount or spread of crime in society.