deduction
/dɪˈdʌkʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /dɪˈdʌkʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /di-ˈdək-shən dē-/ (ame, mw)
deduction — 名詞
- deductionsingular
- deductionsplural
1. when you use facts and logic to figure something out and reach a conclusion; als
推理；推論
根據已知事實推導出結論
when you use facts and logic to figure something out and reach a conclusion; also, the conclusion that you reach in this way
From the muddy footprints, Detective Romi made a simple deduction about the burglar's path.
根據泥濘的腳印，Romi 探長對小偷的路線做出了一個簡單的推理。
make + deduction + about [topic]
Élise's deduction proved correct when the missing keys turned up in the kitchen drawer.
Élise 的推論後來證明是對的——失蹤的鑰匙在廚房抽屜裡找到了。
possessive + deduction as conclusion
The teacher praised Christopher for his logical deduction during the maths competition.
老師稱讚 Christopher 在數學競賽中做出了合乎邏輯的推論。
It was a reasonable deduction that the red car had left before the rain began.
那輛紅色車在下雨前就離開了——這是合理的推論。
- inference
very similar; inference is slightly broader and can include conclusions drawn from indirect evidence without strict logic
- reasoning
focuses more on the thinking process itself rather than the resulting conclusion
- conclusion
refers only to the endpoint result, not the logical process that leads there
文法句型
make + deduction + about [topic]
it + be + deduction + that-clause
deduction + from [evidence]
用法筆記
Often used with 'make' (make a deduction) and 'reach' (reach a deduction). As a process (uncountable), deduction refers to logical reasoning in general: 'scientific deduction'. As a specific result (countable), it names the conclusion itself.
常見錯誤
2. when you take one number or quantity away from another, or the amount removed in
扣除；減除
從總數中減去一部分
when you take one number or quantity away from another, or the amount removed in this way
After the deduction of shipping costs, the final price was still quite reasonable.
扣除運費之後，最終價格仍然相當合理。
deduction of [cost/item]
Rania noticed a small deduction on her grocery receipt that she could not explain.
Rania 注意到收據上有一筆她無法解釋的小額扣除。
The store offered a ten percent deduction for anyone who paid in cash.
那家商店提供百分之十的折扣，給用現金付款的顧客。
Each deduction from the total brought the number closer to the correct answer.
每次從總數中減去一筆，數字就離正確答案更近一步。
- subtraction
identical in meaning; subtraction is more common in maths, deduction in financial contexts
- removal
broader and less precise; does not imply a numerical calculation
- addition
opposite mathematical operation
文法句型
deduction + of [amount/part]
deduction + from [total]
after + deduction + of [costs/expenses]
用法筆記
Countable when referring to a specific subtracted amount (e.g., 'several deductions'). Uncountable when referring to the action of subtracting in general (e.g., 'Deduction of the costs left a small profit').
常見錯誤
3. money that an employer takes out of your pay before you receive it, usually for
扣繳；扣除額
發薪前預先扣除的金額
money that an employer takes out of your pay before you receive it, usually for things such as tax, health insurance, or retirement savings
Imran checked his payslip and saw a deduction for the new health insurance plan.
Imran 查看薪資單時看到了一筆新的健康保險扣繳費用。
deduction for [purpose]
The monthly deduction for pension savings comes straight out of every worker's salary.
每月從薪資中扣除的退休金直接從每位員工的薪水裡撥出。
João asked the accountant whether his home-office costs qualified as a tax deduction.
João 詢問會計師他的居家辦公費用是否符合稅務扣除額的資格。
All salary deductions must be clearly listed on the employee's pay statement.
所有薪資扣繳項目都必須清楚列在員工的薪資單上。
- withholding
more specific; refers to tax taken directly from pay, not other benefit deductions
- contribution
different direction — contribution is money you put in; deduction is money taken out
- refund
money returned to you, opposite direction of flow
文法句型
deduction + for [purpose/benefit]
claim + a + deduction + for [expense]
salary/wage + deduction
用法筆記
Countable only — you talk about 'a deduction', 'deductions', 'several deductions'. In tax contexts, 'deduction' also means an expense you can subtract from your taxable income when filing a tax return (e.g., a charitable donation deduction).