endemic
/enˈdemɪk/ (bre, ipa) · /enˈdemɪk/ (ame, ipa) · /en-ˈde-mik in-/ (ame, mw)
endemic — 形容詞
- endemicpositive
- more endemiccomparative
- most endemicsuperlative
1. used for a disease, condition, or serious problem that keeps existing in one reg
地方性的
在某地或某群體長期常見
used for a disease, condition, or serious problem that keeps existing in one region or community for a long time
Malaria is endemic in the valley, so every clinic stocks test kits.
瘧疾在那座山谷是地方性的，所以每家診所都備有檢測組。
be endemic in + place
For decades, bad housing made chest infections endemic among dock workers.
幾十年來，惡劣的住房讓胸腔感染在碼頭工人之間成了地方性問題。
endemic among + group
After the floods, skin disease became endemic in several crowded camps.
洪水過後，皮膚病在幾個擁擠的營地變成了地方性的疾病。
Village officials feared the water shortage would become endemic after three failed harvests.
村裡官員擔心水荒在連續三次歉收後會變成地方性問題。
- prevalent
broader and not always tied to one place or population
- persistent
stresses continuing over time more than local spread
- entrenched
often used when a social problem is hard to remove
- sporadic
happens only from time to time rather than staying present
- eradicated
removed instead of continuing in the community
文法句型
be endemic in + place
be endemic among + group
[disease/problem] + become endemic in + area
用法筆記
Most often appears after be, become, or remain and usually names a place or group with in or among. Distinguish from sense 2: this sense is about something continuing in a population, not about a species being native there.
常見錯誤
2. used for a plant, animal, or species that belongs naturally to one area and did
特有的
原生且只自然分布在某地
used for a plant, animal, or species that belongs naturally to one area and did not originate elsewhere
This orchid is endemic to the island and grows nowhere else on Earth.
這種蘭花是那座島特有的，在地球其他地方都不生長。
be endemic to + place
Several frogs endemic to Madagascar lay eggs in shallow forest pools.
幾種馬達加斯加特有的青蛙會在淺淺的森林水池裡產卵。
species endemic to + area
The guide showed us a lizard endemic to one mountain in Taiwan.
導遊帶我們看一種台灣某座山特有的蜥蜴。
Because the fox is endemic to the cape, hunters cannot move it inland.
因為那種狐狸是那個海角特有的，獵人不能把牠移到內陸。
- native
broader and does not always suggest a narrow range
- indigenous
more formal and common in scientific or policy writing
- local
weaker because something local may also exist elsewhere
- introduced
brought from another place rather than naturally belonging there
- invasive
spread into an area where the species is not naturally native
文法句型
be endemic to + island/region
[species] + endemic to + area
species endemic to + mountain/forest
用法筆記
Usually follows the name of the species and is strongly linked with to plus a place. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense describes natural range, not a disease that stays common in a population.
常見錯誤
endemic — 名詞
1. a disease that keeps returning in the same area or group as part of the usual lo
地方病
在某地長期存在的疾病
a disease that keeps returning in the same area or group as part of the usual local pattern
For years, cholera was an endemic in the river towns after each rainy season.
多年來，霍亂在那些河邊城鎮每逢雨季後都是地方病。
an endemic in + place
Doctors now treat dengue as an endemic instead of a one-season emergency.
醫師現在把登革熱視為地方病，不再只當成一季的緊急狀況。
treat + disease + as an endemic
Public health teams feared the fever would become an endemic in mining camps.
公共衛生團隊擔心那種熱病會在礦區成為地方病。
Once the virus became an endemic, local hospitals changed their yearly plans.
一旦那種病毒變成地方病，當地醫院就改了年度規劃。
- endemic disease
the clearer and more common everyday wording
- persistent infection
stresses continuing presence, though it does not always imply locality
文法句型
an endemic in + place
become an endemic
treat + disease + as an endemic
用法筆記
This noun is mostly used in formal medical writing and often appears after become, remain, or treat as. In everyday English, people more often say endemic disease than use endemic alone as a noun.
2. a plant or animal that exists as a native form in only one limited area
特有種
只原生於某一地區的物種
a plant or animal that exists as a native form in only one limited area
The biologist counted two endemics on the cliff, both found only on this coast.
那位生物學家在峭壁上數到兩個特有種，兩者都只見於這片海岸。
count + number + endemics
Park maps mark the island's endemics with a small green leaf symbol.
公園地圖用一個小綠葉符號標出那座島上的特有種。
the island's endemics
One endemic of the lake survives by hiding eggs under flat stones.
那個湖的一個特有種靠把卵藏在扁平石頭下生存。
Seed banks protect rare endemics before storms wipe out whole slopes.
種子庫會先保護稀有特有種，以免暴風雨毀掉整片山坡。
- native species
broader everyday phrase and not always limited to one area
- local species
general phrase that does not always imply uniqueness
- introduced species
a species brought from another place
- migrant species
moves across regions instead of belonging to only one
文法句型
an endemic of + island/region
rare endemics
protect + local endemics
用法筆記
Mostly appears in biology writing, especially in the plural when people discuss the special species of one place. In general English, native species is more common than endemic used as a noun.