end
end — 動詞
- endpresent simple I / you / we / they
- ends3rd person singular
- ending-ing form
- endedpast simple
1. to reach a point where something stops happening or no longer exists — for examp
結束
停止發生或存在
to reach a point where something stops happening or no longer exists — for example, a film ending, a relationship ending, or a period of time ending
The film ended with a dramatic scene that made everyone cry.
那部電影以一幕令人落淚的戲劇性場景作結。
end with + noun (final item)
Hana's friendship with Ishaan ended after a silly misunderstanding.
Hana 與 Ishaan 的友誼因一個愚蠢的誤會而結束。
The school year ends in June, and students get a long summer break.
學年在六月結束，學生們享有漫長的暑假。
Many old traditions end when the people who practised them grow old.
許多舊傳統會在傳承者老去之後消失。
The rain ended just before the wedding ceremony began outside.
婚禮在戶外開始前不久，雨就停了。
文法句型
end + adverb/preposition
end in + noun
end with + noun
用法筆記
This sense is intransitive, so it never takes a direct object. The subject is the thing that finishes by itself. To express who or what caused the ending, use sense 2.
常見錯誤
2. to cause something to stop happening or no longer exist — for example, ending a
終止
使某事停止或結束
to cause something to stop happening or no longer exist — for example, ending a war, ending a conversation, or ending an agreement
Rodrigo ended his email with a polite thank-you note to the team.
Rodrigo 在郵件末尾以一段禮貌的致謝向團隊道別。
end + object + with + noun
The two countries signed a peace treaty to end the long conflict.
兩國簽署了和平條約，終結了長期的衝突。
Jessica decided to end her membership at the gym after moving away.
Jessica 在搬家後決定終止她在健身房的會員資格。
A sudden storm ended the picnic before anyone could eat dessert.
一場突如其來的暴風雨在大家還沒吃甜點前就結束了野餐。
The manager ended the meeting early so staff could go home safely.
經理提早結束會議，讓員工可以安全回家。
- finish
Very similar, but 'finish' tends to imply completing all parts; 'end' can mean stopping at any stage
- stop
Suggests a sudden or forceful halt, not necessarily a planned completion
- conclude
More formal; often used for speeches, meetings, or written documents
- terminate
Formal and often legal — used for contracts, employment, or services
文法句型
end + direct object
用法筆記
This sense always needs a direct object — the thing being stopped. Frequently used in formal contexts (agreements, contracts, relationships). Passive form is common: 'The contract was ended by mutual agreement.'
常見錯誤
end — 名詞
- endsingular
- endsplural
1. the furthest reachable spot on a physical thing or within an area, measured from
末端
物體或地方離中心最遠的部分
the furthest reachable spot on a physical thing or within an area, measured from its centre or starting point
Roya waited for the bus at the end of the street.
Roya 在街道末端等公車。
at the end of [street/road/path]
A small wooden cross stood at the far end of the garden.
花園的遠端立著一個小木頭十字架。
Yasmin tied a knot in both ends of the rope before climbing.
Yasmin 在爬繩之前，於繩子的兩端各打了一個結。
The sleeping cat curled up at the end of the bed.
那隻睡覺的貓蜷縮在床尾。
We walked to the end of the pier and watched the fishing boats.
我們走到碼頭的盡頭，觀看漁船。
文法句型
the end of [noun phrase]
at the end of [noun phrase]
常見錯誤
2. with the tip of one thing placed directly against the tip of another thing of th
頭尾相接
一個物體末端與另一個同類物體末端相接
with the tip of one thing placed directly against the tip of another thing of the same kind
Heloísa and her classmates placed their desks end to end for a long table.
Heloísa 和同學把書桌頭尾相接排成一張長桌。
end to end arrangement
If you put two sofas end to end, they fill the whole living room wall.
如果你把兩張沙發頭尾相接，會占滿整個客廳的牆面。
Dario arranged the candles end to end along the windowsill.
Dario 將蠟燭沿著窗台頭尾相接排列。
The rescue team stood end to end, passing heavy sandbags down the line.
救援隊頭尾相接站成一排，沿線傳遞沉重的沙包。
文法句型
end to end (adverbial phrase)
用法筆記
Almost always used in the fixed phrase 'end to end', which functions as an adverbial. It describes how objects are arranged relative to each other.
常見錯誤
3. the closing section or moment of a time frame, event, or piece of writing, after
結尾；結束
一段時間、事件或故事的最後部分
the closing section or moment of a time frame, event, or piece of writing, after which nothing else happens
By the end of the film, Yuna had tears streaming down her face.
電影結束時，Yuna 已經淚流滿面。
by the end of [film/story/event]
The school year finishes at the end of June every summer.
學年每年六月底結束。
at the end of [month/year/period]
Kasia read the end of the chapter twice to make sure she understood it.
Kasia 把章節結尾讀了兩遍，以確保自己明白。
The home team scored a goal near the end of the match.
主隊在比賽接近尾聲時進了一球。
Towards the end of the meeting, Michael asked a final question about the budget.
會議接近尾聲時，Michael 問了一個關於預算的最後問題。
- close
slightly more formal; often used for events or periods (the close of the day)
- conclusion
more formal; typically used for arguments, stories, or formal events
- finish
refers to the point where something stops, often used for races or competitions
文法句型
at the end of [time period / event / story]
by the end of [time period / event / story]
towards the end of [time period / event / story]
用法筆記
Can be followed by 'of' + noun phrase (the end of the day, the end of the story). 'By the end of…' implies a deadline (something will be finished before that point); 'at the end of…' refers to a specific point in time.
常見錯誤
❌ 'The end of the book was surprising.' can be confused with the physical end of the book object. Use 'the ending of the book was surprising' for the story's conclusion.
4. a tender or respectful way of referring to someone dying, chosen instead of the
過世
委婉指人的死亡
a tender or respectful way of referring to someone dying, chosen instead of the more direct word 'death'
Grandfather remained peaceful and calm towards the end of his life.
祖父在生命的最後階段始終平靜安詳。
euphemism for death; towards the end of [possessive] life
The family gathered at the hospital to be with Aunt Rosa at the end.
家人齊聚醫院，陪伴在 Rosa 阿姨身邊直到她臨終。
The old dog's end came quietly in his sleep one winter night.
那隻老狗在一個冬夜安詳地在睡夢中離世。
Talia wrote a final letter to her father before his end.
Talia 在父親過世前給他寫了一封最後的信。
- birth
the beginning of life, opposite of death
文法句型
towards the end
[possessive] end
用法筆記
Frequently used in gentle or formal contexts about death. Often appears in phrases such as 'towards the end', 'at the end of her life', or 'came to a peaceful end'. Avoid in casual conversation about death unless being deliberately sensitive.
常見錯誤
5. in sports, each of the two equally sized sections of a playing area — teams defe
半場
運動場地的兩個半邊之一
in sports, each of the two equally sized sections of a playing area — teams defend one section and attack the other
Hyun threw the ball from his own end of the field towards the goal.
Hyun 從自己的半場將球朝球門擲出。
own end of the field
After half-time, Harper and her teammates swapped ends of the pitch.
中場休息後，Harper 和隊友交換了半場。
swap ends
The home team attacked the far end in the second half of the match.
主隊在下半場朝遠端半場進攻。
Romi kicked the ball towards the opposite end of the court.
Romi 將球踢向球場的另一端。
- half
more general; 'the home half', 'the attacking half'
文法句型
[possessive/team] end of the [field/pitch/court]
swap ends
用法筆記
Common in team sports that use a rectangular field or court. 'Swap ends' or 'change ends' happens at half-time when teams switch which half they defend.
常見錯誤
6. used to introduce the most important or final point after everything has been th
到頭來
考慮所有因素後的最終結論
used to introduce the most important or final point after everything has been thought about or discussed
At the end of the day, what matters is whether you are happy with your choices.
到頭來，最重要的還是你對自己的選擇是否滿意。
at the end of the day — presenting final conclusion
Romi said that, at the end of the day, family always comes first.
Romi 說，到頭來，家人永遠是最重要的。
It was a hard choice between jobs, but at the end of the day we chose safety.
兩份工作之間很難抉擇，但到頭來我們選擇了安穩。
At the end of the day, Dario knew he did his best and felt no regret.
到頭來，Dario 知道自己盡了全力，沒有遺憾。
- ultimately
more formal; same core meaning of final consideration
- when all is said and done
same register and meaning, but longer and less common in everyday speech
文法句型
at the end of the day (sentence-initial)
用法筆記
Only used in the fixed phrase 'at the end of the day'. Do not confuse with 'in the end', which has a similar but not identical meaning. 'At the end of the day' is more conversational and is used to emphasise a personal value or judgement. The phrase does NOT refer to an actual time of day.
常見錯誤
7. the outcome that occurs following a lengthy process or thorough discussion of va
最終；到最後
經過長時間或考慮後的最終結果
the outcome that occurs following a lengthy process or thorough discussion of various options
In the end, the committee decided to approve the new park.
最終，委員會決定批准興建新公園。
sentence-initial, shows outcome after a process
We argued for weeks, but in the end we agreed to share the office.
我們爭論了好幾週，但到頭來還是同意共用辦公室。
In the end, it was Dewi's patience that solved the problem.
最終，是 Dewi 的耐心解決了問題。
The team tried three different strategies, and in the end only the simplest one worked.
團隊嘗試了三種不同的策略，到頭來只有最簡單的那個方法有效。
In the end, the family chose to stay in their hometown rather than move abroad.
最終，這家人選擇留在老家，而不是搬到國外。
- eventually
more neutral, less contrastive than 'in the end'
- ultimately
slightly more formal; emphasises the final outcome
- finally
focuses on the last step in a sequence
文法句型
in the end + clause
用法筆記
Always appears as the fixed phrase 'in the end,' typically at the start of a clause or sentence. Do not confuse with 'at the end,' which refers to a specific physical or temporal point.
常見錯誤
8. used after a time expression (hours, days, weeks) to say that something carries
連續不斷地
用在時間名詞後，表示不間斷
used after a time expression (hours, days, weeks) to say that something carries on for that whole period without any pause or break
The construction noise continued for hours on end, keeping everyone awake.
施工噪音連續好幾個小時不間斷，吵得大家都睡不著。
time expression + on end for continuous duration
Dewi can read novels for days on end when she finds a good story.
Dewi 找到好看的小說時，可以連續讀上好幾天。
During the heatwave, the air conditioner ran for weeks on end.
熱浪來襲期間，冷氣連續好幾個星期沒停過。
Walid practiced the piano for three hours on end before the recital.
Walid 在演奏會之前連續練了三小時的鋼琴。
- continuously
adverb, not restricted to time-noun structures
- non-stop
more informal; can be used more flexibly
- without a break
explanatory phrase, less idiomatic
文法句型
for + plural time noun + on end
用法筆記
Used only after plural time expressions (hours, days, weeks, months, years). Never used with singular time nouns: ❌ 'for hour on end' → ✅ 'for hours on end.'
常見錯誤
9. the moment when something finishes, stops being active, or no longer exists — fo
終止；結束
某事物停止或不再存在的時刻
the moment when something finishes, stops being active, or no longer exists — for example, the end of a war, a career, or a service
The ceasefire marked the end of three years of fighting.
停火協議標誌著三年戰亂的終止。
the end of [something] — stopping point
The company announced the end of its evening delivery service.
該公司宣布終止其晚間配送服務。
The end of the war brought relief to the whole region.
戰爭的結束為整個地區帶來了安慰。
Scientists say we are approaching the end of the fossil fuel era.
科學家表示，我們正逐漸接近化石燃料時代的終點。
Mei's retirement marked the end of a long career in nursing.
Mei 的退休為她漫長的護理生涯劃下了句點。
- termination
more formal, often used in legal or procedural contexts
- conclusion
suggests a planned or natural finishing point
- close
suggests the final stage of an event or process
- start
the beginning of an activity or period
- beginning
the point at which something starts
- commencement
formal; the start of something
文法句型
the end of [something]
come to an end
put an end to [something]
用法筆記
Often appears in the patterns 'the end of [something]' and 'put an end to [something]' (to actively stop something). Distinguish from sense 3 (the final part or section of a story or period), which focuses on the content of the concluding portion rather than the moment of cessation.
常見錯誤
10. one section of play in sports such as curling, bowls, or archery, during which e
一局；一輪
冰壺、草地滾球或射箭比賽中的一局
one section of play in sports such as curling, bowls, or archery, during which each competitor or team takes a turn
In the third end, Esteban's team scored two points.
在第三局，Esteban 的隊伍得了兩分。
in + ordinal + end — sports round context
Each end in curling ends when all eight stones have been thrown.
冰壺比賽中，每一局在所有八顆石壺投出之後結束。
The archers shot six arrows per end during the competition.
射箭選手在比賽中每局射六支箭。
Nora won the bowls match's first end by placing her bowl near the jack.
Nora 靠著讓自己的球靠近目標球，贏得了草地滾球比賽的第一局。
文法句型
ordinal + end
per end
用法筆記
Domain-specific: used only in certain sports such as curling, lawn bowls, and archery. Not used in mainstream ball sports like football or basketball, where 'half,' 'quarter,' or 'period' would apply.
常見錯誤
11. the short leftover portion of an object that remains once the greater part has b
殘餘
大部分被用掉後剩下的小塊物品
the short leftover portion of an object that remains once the greater part has been consumed or worn down — for example, a cigarette end or a candle end
Tunde stubbed out his cigarette end in the ashtray.
Tunde 把香煙頭在煙灰缸裡捻熄。
cigarette end — leftover after smoking
The tailor saved every cloth end for making patchwork quilts.
裁縫師傅把每一塊布頭都留起來做拼布被。
cloth end — fabric remnant after cutting
Beatrix picked the pencil end off the floor—too short to write with.
Beatrix 從地板上撿起鉛筆頭——短到寫不了字。
The candle end melted into a pool of wax on the table.
蠟燭頭在桌上融化成一攤蠟油。
文法句型
[material/object] + end
用法筆記
Common in compound nouns: cigarette end, candle end, cloth end, rope end. Not used for food leftovers: ❌ 'bread end' → use 'crust' or 'heel of the loaf.'
常見錯誤
12. the result or goal that someone hopes to achieve by doing something, especially
目的；目標
行動或計畫想要達成的結果
the result or goal that someone hopes to achieve by doing something, especially in formal or planned contexts
The company cut costs to achieve its financial end of higher profits.
公司為了達成獲利更高的財務目標而削減成本。
financial end — goal in a formal context
Samir believes the end justifies the means in business negotiations.
Samir 認為在商業談判中，為了目的可以不擇手段。
the end justifies the means — fixed idiom
The villagers worked together toward a common end—clean water for every home.
村民們為了一個共同的目標而努力——讓每戶人家都有乾淨的水。
For political ends, the mayor delayed the decision until after the election.
為了政治目的，市長把決定拖延到選舉之後。
- means
the method used to achieve an end, as in 'the ends and means'
文法句型
to this end
for + adjective + ends
the end justifies the means
用法筆記
More formal than 'aim' or 'goal.' Frequently appears in fixed expressions such as 'to this end' (to achieve this aim) and 'the end justifies the means' (the result is so good that any method used to reach it is acceptable). Distinguish from sense 13 ('to this end'), which is the same fixed phrase used adverbially.
常見錯誤
13. used to describe the course of action that someone follows in order to reach a s
為此
為了達成先前提到的目標
used to describe the course of action that someone follows in order to reach a specific goal that was already stated or is well understood
The committee wanted to reduce costs. To that end, it cut the office supply budget.
委員會想降低開支。為此，它削減了辦公用品預算。
fixed phrase: 'To that end' introducing the action taken
Hoa hoped to improve her English. To that end, she joined a class at the local library.
Hoa 希望能提升自己的英文程度。為此，她報名了圖書館的夜間課程。
The city wanted more visitors. To this end, it built a museum in the town centre.
該市希望吸引更多遊客。為此，他們在市中心蓋了一座博物館。
Christopher wanted to start a business. To that end, he saved money each month for two years.
Christopher 想創業。為此，他連續兩年每個月都存錢。
- for this purpose
more general; can replace 'to this end' but less formal
- with this aim in mind
more elaborate; used in very formal writing
- toward that goal
American English; slightly less common
文法句型
to this/that end, [clause]
用法筆記
Almost always used in formal or academic writing. The phrase 'to this/that end' appears at the beginning of a sentence or clause and links the action back to a previously stated goal. In everyday conversation, speakers prefer 'so that' or 'in order to'.
常見錯誤
14. a particular part or section of an activity, organization, or project that invol
方面；環節
活動或工作中與特定功能相關的部分
a particular part or section of an activity, organization, or project that involves a specific function, type of work, or group of people
Adina handles the marketing end of the business, while Gita manages the sales team.
Adina 負責公司的行銷方面，而 Gita 管理銷售團隊。
pattern: 'the [department] end of [organization]'
At the technical end, the engineers are fixing software problems before the product launch.
在技術方面，工程師正在產品上市前修復軟體錯誤。
Joaquín handles the financial end of the project, including the budget and expenses.
Joaquín 負責專案的財務環節，包括預算和支出。
We need someone with real experience at the creative end of advertising and campaign design.
我們需要一位在廣告創意方面有豐富經驗的人。
文法句型
the [adjective] end (of [noun])
somebody's end
15. the part of an arrangement, relationship, or shared task that a particular perso
職責；分內事
協議或合作中某人應負責的部分
the part of an arrangement, relationship, or shared task that a particular person or group is obliged to do or be responsible for
Baraka agreed to deliver the materials on time — that was his end of the deal.
Baraka 答應準時運送材料——那是他這份約定的責任。
pattern: '[possessive] end of [agreement]'
If you do not keep your end of the arrangement, we cannot continue to work together.
如果你不盡到你在這項安排中的本分，我們就無法繼續合作。
The landlord fixed the roof, so the tenant must now do her end and pay the rent.
房東修好了屋頂，所以房客現在必須履行她的責任，繳納房租。
Joshua promised to cook dinner, and he kept his end of the promise without any fuss.
Joshua 答應要做晚餐，而且他毫無怨言地盡到了他的承諾。
- part
more common in general use; 'end' implies a shared arrangement
- share
focuses on the portion one contributes
- obligation
more formal; focuses on duty rather than role
文法句型
[possessive] end of [noun]
keep/hold up one's end (of [noun])
用法筆記
Often used in the fixed expression 'keep (or hold up) your end of the bargain/deal/arrangement' to describe fulfilling one's obligations. The possessive always matches the person whose responsibility is being discussed.
常見錯誤
16. one of the two locations or positions involved when people talk on the telephone
端；方
通話或運輸中涉及的其中一處
one of the two locations or positions involved when people talk on the telephone, send something to each other, or travel between places
Anya could hear children laughing at the other end of the phone line.
Anya 可以聽到電話另一端有小孩在笑。
collocation: 'at the other end of the line/phone'
The package should arrive by Friday — we have completed all the paperwork at this end.
包裹應該會在星期五前送達——我們這邊已經把所有文件都處理好了。
Kian shouted down the pipe, and his voice echoed at the other end of the tunnel.
Kian 對著管子大喊，他的聲音在隧道的另一端迴響著。
Call the helpline, and the person at the other end will ask for your address.
打給服務專線，電話另一端的人會問你的地址。
文法句型
the [adjective] end of [noun phrase]
at this/that end
常見錯誤
end — 形容詞
- endpositive
- endercomparative
- endestsuperlative
1. used before a noun to describe the last stage of a process or series, after whic
最終的
指過程或系列中的最後階段
used before a noun to describe the last stage of a process or series, after which nothing more comes
The design team expects to deliver the end product by early next year.
設計團隊預計在明年初交付最終產品。
collocation: end product
Adina believes that the end result is what truly matters to customers.
Adina 相信最終結果才是客戶真正在意的。
collocation: end result
Paul's end goal is to open his own restaurant after five years of training.
Paul 的最終目標是在五年學藝後開一家自己的餐廳。
The end user of this app rarely sees the complex code behind the screen.
這個 App 的最終使用者很少看到背後複雜的程式碼。
Nala set an end date for each stage of the research project.
Nala 為研究專案的每個階段設定了截止日期。
- initial
the first stage of a process
- preliminary
earlier, preparatory stage
文法句型
end + noun
用法筆記
This adjective is placed only before a noun (attributive position). It typically appears in set combinations such as end product, end result, end goal, end user, and end date — it is not a general substitute for final or last.
常見錯誤
end — 構詞成分
1. a prefix meaning located or happening within a body, organ, cell, or physical st
內部的
指位於身體、器官或結構內部的
a prefix meaning located or happening within a body, organ, cell, or physical structure
Dr. Nakamura used an endoscope to examine the lining of the patient's stomach.
中村醫師用內視鏡檢查病人胃部的內壁。
end- + -scope → instrument for viewing inside
Endocrine glands such as the thyroid release hormones directly into the blood.
甲狀腺等內分泌腺會將荷爾蒙直接釋放到血液中。
endocrine: secreting within the body
The endoskeleton of a bird supports its muscles and protects its internal organs.
鳥類的內骨骼能支撐肌肉並保護內部器官。
Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart.
心內膜炎是心臟內膜受到感染的一種疾病。
- exo-
meaning 'outside' or 'external' — the opposite of endo-
文法句型
end- + [noun root] → noun or adjective
用法筆記
This prefix appears mainly in scientific and medical terms borrowed from Greek. It contrasts with 'exo-' (outside) and 'ecto-' (outer).
常見錯誤
2. a prefix meaning that a process or substance absorbs or takes in heat, energy, o
吸收的
指從周遭吸收熱量、能量或物質的
a prefix meaning that a process or substance absorbs or takes in heat, energy, or other material from its surroundings
An endothermic reaction absorbs heat and makes the container feel cold to the touch.
吸熱反應會吸收熱量，讓容器摸起來冰冰涼涼的。
endothermic: absorbs heat from surroundings
Daichi watched endocytosis as a cell absorbed a nutrient particle under the microscope.
Daichi 在顯微鏡下觀察胞吞作用，看到細胞把一顆營養粒子吸入內部。
An endergonic reaction needs a continuous supply of energy to keep moving forward.
吸能反應需要持續供應能量才能不斷進行。
The lab recorded a drop in temperature during the endothermic part of the experiment.
實驗室記錄到實驗的吸熱階段溫度下降了。
- exo-
meaning 'releasing' or 'giving off' — the opposite in chemistry and biology contexts
文法句型
end- + [noun root] → noun or adjective
用法筆記
This prefix is common in chemistry (endothermic reactions absorb heat) and biology (endocytosis pulls material into a cell). The opposite prefix 'exo-' means 'releasing' or 'giving off.'