harmfulness

/ˈhɑːmflnəs/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈhɑːrmflnəs/ (ame, ipa)

harmfulness — 名詞

1. the property a substance, action, or situation has of producing damage, injury,

1.名詞C1
釋義

有害性

造成傷害或損害的性質

the property a substance, action, or situation has of producing damage, injury, or other bad effects on people, animals, or the environment.

例句

Doctors have spent decades warning the public about the harmfulness of tobacco smoke.

醫生數十年來不斷向大眾警告菸草煙霧的有害性。

the harmfulness of + [noun phrase] — most common pattern

Folake's research measured the harmfulness of microplastics to small fish in rivers.

Folake 的研究測量了微塑膠對河中小魚的有害性。

harmfulness of X to Y — naming the affected party

同義詞
  • toxicity

    narrower: poisoning effect, common in chemistry and medicine

  • noxiousness

    very formal; emphasises being unpleasant as well as damaging

  • danger

    broader and more everyday; covers risk, not just damage already caused

反義詞
  • harmlessness

    direct opposite; quality of causing no damage

  • safety

    broader; condition of being protected from any kind of harm

文法句型

the harmfulness of [noun phrase]

用法筆記

Almost always preceded by 'the' and followed by 'of + noun'. Subject of discussion is usually a substance (smoke, chemicals), a behaviour (gambling), or an exposure (radiation, noise).

常見錯誤

❌The cigarette has a high harmfulness.
✅Cigarettes are very harmful.
💡for everyday talk, use the adjective 'harmful'; the noun belongs to formal or technical writing.