imperialism
/ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪmˈpɪriəlɪzəm/ (ame, ipa) · /im-ˈpir-ē-ə-ˌli-zəm/ (ame, mw)
imperialism — 名詞
1. a system in which a strong nation extends its authority over foreign lands and p
帝國主義
強國以武力統治其他國家的制度
a system in which a strong nation extends its authority over foreign lands and peoples, typically by military force, and governs them as colonies or dependent territories.
The museum exhibition examined the history of British imperialism in South Asia.
這間博物館的展覽探討了英國在南亞的帝國主義歷史。
'British imperialism in [region]' — geographical specification pattern
Lucia's history class discussed how European imperialism redrew the map of Africa.
Lucia 的歷史課討論了歐洲帝國主義如何重新劃分非洲的疆界。
Many nations that suffered under imperialism later won their independence in the twentieth century.
許多曾經受帝國主義統治的國家後來在二十世紀贏得了獨立。
Dan wrote a report comparing the imperialism of several nineteenth-century European powers.
Dan 寫了一份報告，比較十九世紀幾個歐洲強國的帝國主義。
The effects of imperialism remain visible in the languages and borders of former colonies.
帝國主義的影響至今仍可從前殖民地的語言和邊界中看出。
- colonialism
more specific — refers to the actual settlement and direct political control of a territory by foreign settlers
- expansionism
broader — any policy of territorial or economic growth, not necessarily through direct rule
- dominion
formal — stresses authority and control over a territory, less common in modern use
- self-determination
the right of a people to choose their own government, directly opposed to imperial control
- decolonization
the process of giving up colonial rule, the opposite of establishing imperialism
文法句型
[nationality] + imperialism
imperialism + of + [region]
under + imperialism
用法筆記
Most commonly used when discussing European colonial history from the 19th and early 20th centuries. Frequently paired with a nationality adjective (British imperialism, French imperialism, Roman imperialism) to identify the ruling power.
常見錯誤
2. a situation in which a powerful country exercises strong influence over other na
霸權擴張
強國透過政治經濟影響他國
a situation in which a powerful country exercises strong influence over other nations through economic pressure, political leverage, or cultural dominance, without necessarily ruling them directly.
Critics accuse the global fast-food chain of cultural imperialism for pushing its products everywhere.
批評者指責這家全球速食連鎖企業到處推銷產品，是一種文化霸權擴張。
'cultural imperialism' — common compound noun pattern
Samir argued that modern imperialism often works through trade agreements rather than military force.
Samir 認為現代的霸權擴張常常透過貿易協定而非軍事力量來運作。
'works through + noun' — mechanism collocation
The documentary showed how digital platforms can become tools of economic imperialism.
這部紀錄片展示了數位平台如何成為經濟霸權擴張的工具。
Some writers describe the country's aggressive lending practices as a form of financial imperialism.
有些作家將該國的激進放貸行為描述為一種金融霸權擴張。
Hana's professor explained the difference between old colonialism and modern economic imperialism.
Hana 的教授說明了舊式殖民主義與現代經濟霸權擴張之間的差異。
- hegemony
formal — describes leadership or dominance of one state over others, especially through cultural or economic means
- domination
broader and less specific — can refer to any kind of control, not necessarily between countries
- influence
weaker and neutral — lacks the negative and coercive connotation of imperialism
- autonomy
the condition of being self-governing, the opposite of being under another country's influence
- independence
freedom from outside control, the goal of nations resisting economic or political imperialism
文法句型
[domain] + imperialism
a form of + [adjective] + imperialism
imperialism + through + [means]
用法筆記
Often paired with an adjective naming the domain of influence (cultural, economic, financial, digital). Describes indirect control rather than formal territorial rule — this is the key distinction from Sense 1.